1750 BC | Great Flood in the Time of Ogygus [Paus.10.6.2, Jerome Chronicle 1757]
** 190 years passed between the Great Flood in the Time of Ogygus and the accession of Cecrops, the first king of Athens (1561 BC). [Euseb.Chron.181, Jerome Chronicle 1757]
** The Great Flood in the Time of Ogygus occurred during the reign of Phoroneus, king of Argos. [AugustCity.18.8, FGrH.Nr2.F23b]
1750 BC | Lycorus, son of Corycia, migrated from the upper reaches of the Cephisus River to Mount Parnassus and founded Lycoreia. [Paus.10.6.3]
1750 BC | the Ectenes, led by Ogygus, settled north of Thebes. [Paus. 9.5.1, Paus. 9.19.6, Paus. 9.33.5]
** The Boeotians were called Ectenes. [Suda. Epsilon. 647]
** The king of Ectenes was Ogygus. [Paus. 9.5.1]
** Boeotia was called Ogygia. [Strabo. 9.2.18]
** Ogygus was the first king of the Athenians and the ancestor of the Athenians. [Euseb. Chron. 181]
1750 BC | Eleusis, son of Ogygus, founded Eleusis. [Paus. 1.38.7, Jerome Chron. 1777]
** Founded by Ogygus. [Euseb.Chro.177]
1750 BC | Aegialeus (or Aezeius), son of Inachus, founded Aegialeia (later Sicyon). [Paus.7.1.1, StephByz.A40.13]
1750 BC | Phoroneus, son of Inachus, founded Phoroneus (later Argos). [Paus.2.15.5]
** The name of the town founded by Phoroneus. Phoronicum [Newton.173] Asty Phoronicum [LeakeN.2.400]
1750 BC | the husband of Inachus' daughter Mycene founded Mycenae. [Paus.2.16.3-4, estimated from StephByz.M460.9]
** Mycenae was named after Inachus' daughter Mycene. Located at a strategic location between Sicyon and Argos, it is believed to have been founded around the same time.
1725 BC | Car, son of Phoroneus, emigrated from Argos to Megara. [Paus.1.39.5]
** Car's tomb was located along the road from Megara to Corinth. [Paus.1.44.6]
1708 BC | Aegialeus died, and Europs, son of Phoroneus of Argos, became the second king of Sicyon. [Estimated from EuriSchoOr.932.02 and Paus.2.34.4]
1702 BC | Telchin (or Telchis), a powerful Sicyonite, usurped the throne from Europs and became the third king of Sicyon. [Estimated from the battle between Phoroneus and the Telchines]
1702 BC | Phoroneus attacked Sicyon and fought against the Telchines, led by Telchin, but was repelled. [Orosius.1.7]
1700 BC | Phoroneus died, and his son Apis succeeded him. [Apo.2.1.1]
1700 BC | Hermion, son of Europs, son of Phoroneus, founded Hermione on the southeast coast of Argos. [Paus.2.34.4]
1690 BC | Delphus, son of Celaeno, daughter of Hyamus, son of Lycorus, emigrated from Lycoreia and founded Delphi. [Paus.10.6.3]
1690 BC | Apis, son of Phoroneus, took control of Aegialeia. [Euseb.Chron.173, Orosius.1.7]
1690 BC | Cres, son of Telchin of Aegialeia, was defeated in battle by Apis of Argos and emigrated to Crete. [Estimated from Paus. 8.53.5, Cleme. Str. 1.21, Orosius. 1.7, Newton. 107]
** Telchines fought against Phoroneus, king of Argos. [Jerome Chro. 1792, Newton. 107, Orosius. 1.7]
** Defeated, Telchines went to the island of Rhodes. [Newton. 107, Orosius. 1.7]
** Cres first ruled Crete. [Jerome Chro. 1962] The island was named after Cres. [Jerome Chro. 1957]
** Cres was king of the Eteocretans on Crete. [Diod. 5.64.1]
** Cres had a son, Talos. [Paus.8.53.5]
** Crete was also called Telchinia, and the Cretans were called Telchines. [StephByz.T614.4]
** The Corybantes, Cabeiri, Idaean Dactyli, Telchines, and Curetes were all of the same clan. [Strabo.10.3.7]
** The 2nd-century AD theologian Clemens of Alexandria wrote that the reign of Sicyon began with Aegialeus, followed by Europs and Telchis, and that Cres ruled on the island of Crete. [Cleme.Str.1.21] Eusebius quotes Clemens. [Euseb.Pra.10.12]
** Phoroneus and the Parrhasians fought against the Telchines and the Caryatii. [Jerome Chro. 1792, Orosius. 1.7]
** Therefore, Phoroneus did not belong to the Parrhasians.
** The Parrhasians were of Lycaonian descent. [Apollo. 2.500]
** The Parrhasians were the tribe of Evander, who emigrated to Rome. [Ovid. Fasti. 1.475]
1690 BC | Apis, son of Phoroneus, annexed Sicyon, and Peloponnesus came to be called Apia after Apis. [Apo.2.1.1, Paus.2.5.7]
** Peloponnesus was called Apia because it was "the land of pears." [Athen.14.650c]
** Pausanias lists Apis as the son of Telchis, likely based on a false genealogy of the kings of Sicyon (Euseb.Chron.173). [Paus.2.5.6]
** Peloponnesus, 21,549.6 km². The Great Chersonesus (Crimea), 27,000 km². [Strabo.7.4.5]
1665 BC | Apis was murdered by Thelxion and Telchis. [Paus.10.6.3, TzeAdLyco.177]
** Apis ruled Sicyon for 25 years. [Euseb.Chron.173]
1665 BC | Apis was succeeded by Argus, son of Niobe. [Euseb.Chron.177]
** The city was named Argos after Argus, son of Niobe. [Apo.2.1.2, Hyginus.145]
1635 BC | Tiryns, son of Argus, son of Niobe, founded Tiryns. [Paus.2.25.8]
1635 BC | Epidaurus, son of Argus, son of Niobe, founded Epidaurus. [Paus.2.26.2]
** The founding of Tiryns and Epidaurus is thought to have been due to internal conflicts in Argos between the tribe to which Phoroneus belonged and the Parrhasians.
1635 BC | Oenotrus, son of Lycaon, migrated to the southwestern part of the Italian peninsula and founded Pandosia. [Antiq.1.11.3, Strabo.6.1.5]
** Pausanias records that Oenotrus was the first to emigrate to another country. [Paus.8.3.5]
1635 BC | Peucetius, son of Lycaon, migrated to the southeastern part of the Italian peninsula. [Antiq.1.11.3]
** The southeastern part of the Italian peninsula was called Peucetia in honor of Peucetius. [Plin.3.16.1]
** The migration of Oenotrus and Peucetius was also due to internal conflict in Argos, and it is believed that they originated from Argos, not Sicyon.
1625 BC | Ereuthalion, son of Criasus, founded Ereuthalia near Argos. [FGrH.333.F66]
1620 BC | Peirasus, son of Argus, son of Niobe, founded the temple of Hera in Argos. [Euseb.Pra.3.8]
** Argus made a statue of Hera out of a pear tree. [Cleme.Exho.4]
** Peiras, founder of the temple of Hera, appointed his daughter Callithyia as a priestess of Hera and made a statue of Hera out of a pear tree in Tiryns. [Plut.Mor.Fr]
** Peiras appointed his daughter Callithyia as his first priestess. [Euseb.Pra.3.8]
** Callithias, son of Pirantos, became the first priest. [JeromeChro.1637] This is likely a mistake for Callithyia, daughter of Peiras.
1601 BC | Phorbas, son of Criasus, son of Argus, usurped the throne of Argos from Triops, son of Peirasus, son of Argus.
1601 BC | Argus, son of Agenor, founded a city on the site of what would later become Mycenae and named it Argion. [PsPlut.NRM.18]
** Argus was called many-eyed or all-seeing. [Apo.2.1.2, PsPlut.NRM.18]
** Around the same time, Argus married Ismene, daughter of Thurimachus of Sicyon.
** Since the time of Apis, Sicyon and Argos had been enemies. The marriage of Argus and Ismene and the founding of Argion are likely the result of a battle.
1601 BC | Argus married Ismene, daughter of Thurimachus, the seventh king of Sicyon. [Estimated from Apo.2.1.3]
1580 BC | a plague broke out in Boeotia. [Paus.9.5.1]
1580 BC | the Ectenes of Boeotia migrated to Attica, Thessaly, and Egypt. [Paus.9.5.1, Strabo.9.2.18]
** Some Ectenes remained in Boeotia. They later fought and were defeated by Cadmus. [Nonnus.5.35]
** The Boeotians were called Ectenes. [Suda.epsilon.647]
1580 BC | Cecrops' father migrated to the Nile Delta in Egypt and founded Sais. [Estimated from Diod.1.28.4 and Tzetzes.5.650]
** Cecrops came from Sais to Athens. [TzeAdLyco.111, Tzetzes.5.650]
** Ogygus was the ancestor of the Athenians. [Euseb.Chron.181]
** The 4th-century BC historian Callisthenes of Olynthus and the 3rd-century BC historian Phanodemus of Athens state that the Athenians were the ancestors of the Sais. [FGrH.Nr325.F7]
1576 BC | Messapus, son of Argus, married Calchinia, daughter of Leucippus, the eighth king of Sicyon. [Estimated from Euseb.Chron.175]
1562 BC | Herse, daughter of Cecrops, was married to Phoenicia of Tyre on her way from Egypt to Athens. [Estimated from Apo.3.14.3 and MarceReg.30]
1562 BC | Cecrops landed at Mirinous on the east coast of Attica from Egypt. [Paus.1.31.5]
** Cecrops was Egyptian. [FGrH.Nr328.F93, JeromeChro.1550, Suda.ka.1272, Suda.pi.2506]
1562 BC | Colaenus migrated from Mirinous to the west side of the entrance to the Gulf of Messenia and founded Colonides. [Paus.1.31.5, Paus.4.34.8]
1561 BC | Cecrops married Agraulus, daughter of Actaeus, the next king of Porphyrion in Athmoneis, northeast of Athens. [Apo.3.14.2, Paus.1.14.7]
1561 BC | Cecrops founded Cecropia (later Athens). [Apo.3.14.2, Euseb.181, Paus.1.2.6, Paus.1.5.3, Paus.1.14.7, Pliny.7.194]
** Cecrops' epithet "Diphyes" refers to a person who speaks two languages. [FGrH.328.F93, JeromeChro.1550]
** A body compounded of man and serpent [Apo.3.14.1, Diod.1.28.7]
** While men shared women and children only knew their mothers, Cecrops established the concept of husband and wife when he became king. [Suda.ka.1272, Tzetzes.5.650, TzeAdLyco.111]
** The 7th-century chronicler John of Antioch writes that while people had previously mated like animals and had only one parent (mother), Cecrops established the concept of husband and wife, creating two parents (father and mother). [TzeAdLyco.111]
** People living near Lake Tritonis, where Athena was born, shared wives. [Herod.4.180]
** Lake Tritonis is thought to have been near Sais, where Cecrops lived.
** Athena was called Sais. [TzeAdLyco.111]
** Cecrops named his city Athens after the goddess Athena. [FGrH.Nr328.F93, Jerome.1550]
** Sais is thought to have been located on the coast. [Diod.1.66.8]
** Cecrops emigrated to Attica after a catastrophe. [Tzetzes.5.650]
1561 BC | the Mystery Priest Trochilus fled Argos to Eleusis after fighting with Agenor, son of Triopas. [Paus.1.14.2]
** Trochilus was the son of Callithyia. [SchoAratus.Pheno.161]
1560 BC | the inhabitants of Argos underwent a mass migration. [Antiq.1.17, Diod.5.60.4, Diod.5.81.2, Paus.2.16.1, Paus.8.1.6, Photios.186.19]
** 1601 BC | Argus, son of Agenor, son of Ecbasus, son of Argus, son of Niobe, founded Argion. [PsPlut.NRM.18]
** This migration is thought to have been the result of a battle between the descendants of Criasus, son of Argus, and the descendants of Ecbasus, son of Argus, who had allied with Sicyon.
1560 BC | Iasus, son of Triopas, emigrated to Egypt with his daughter Io. [Paus.2.16.1]
** Io was a priestess at the temple of Hera in Argos. [Apo.2.1.3, Palaepha.42]
** Io was called Isis in Egypt. [Suda.iota.636]
** The name of Io's father. Inachus [AelianAnim.11.10, AescProm.i, Hyginus.155, Parthe.1], Iasus [JeromeChro.1529, Paus.2.16.1]
1560 BC | Xanthus, son of Triopas, colonized Lycia from Argos and then the uninhabited Lesbos. [Diod.5.81.2]
1560 BC | Cyrnus of Argos founded Cyrnus at Cherronesus in Caria. [Diod.5.60.4]
1560 BC | Larisa, daughter of Pelasgus, son of Triopas, emigrated from Argos to Thessaly. [Antiq.1.17]
1560 BC | Pelasgus, son of Agenor, son of Triopas, emigrated to the foot of Mount Lycaeus (now Mt. Lykaion, 1,421 m above sea level) in Arcadia. [Paus.8.1.6]
1560 BC | Crotopus, son of Agenor, son of Triopas, emigrated to the foot of Mount Geraneia in Megara and founded Tripodiskion. [Photios.186.19]
1540 BC | Deucalion founded Pyrrha (later Melitaea) near the source of the Enipeus River in Thessaly. [Paus.9.5.1, Paus.9.33.5, Suda.epsilon.647, Strabo.9.2.18, Strabo.9.5.6]
** Deucalion became king during the reign of Cecrops, king of Athens. [Parian.Marble.2]
1535 BC | Epaphus, son of Telegonus, migrated from Sais to the south of the Nile Delta and founded Memphis. [Apo.2.1.4, Cleme.Str.1.21, Herod.2.153]
1530 BC | Erysichthon, son of Cecrops, built the Temple of Apollo at Delos. [JeromeChro.1511]
1530 BC | Erysichthon, son of Cecrops, sent a wooden statue to the island of Delos. [Euseb.Pra.3.8]
1530 BC | Patara, son of Lycia, daughter of Xanthus, founded Patara near the mouth of the Xanthus River in Lycia. [FGrH.Nr1.F256, Strabo.14.3.6]
1530 BC | Atthis, daughter of Cranaus, was born. [Apo.3.14.5]
** Athena was born near Lake Tritonis. [Herod.4.180]
** Cranaus' daughter Atthis grew up near the Triton River. [Herod.4.180, Paus.1.14.6, Paus.9.33.7]
** Cranaus' daughter Atthis was also known as Athena. [Apo.3.14.6, Tzetzes.1.170]
** Attica was named after Cranaus' daughter Atthis. [JeromeChro.1506, Just.2.6, Strabo.9.1.18]
1525 BC | Erysichthon, son of Cecrops, died during a voyage from Delos and was buried in Prasiae. [Paus.1.2.6, Paus.1.31.2]
1525 BC | Lycaon, son of Pelasgus, founded Lycosura near Mount Lycaeus. [Paus.8.2.1]
1520 BC | Sicelus, son of Italus, migrated to the central part of the Italian peninsula. [Euseb.Chron.281]
1520 BC | Ausonus, son of Italus, migrated south of the Acheron River and founded Tempsa. [Strabo.6.1.5]
1520 BC | Morges, son of Italus, migrated to the southwestern part of the Italian peninsula. [Strabo.6.1.6]
1515 BC | Cranaus emigrated from Egypt to Attica. [Estimated from Diod.1.29.1]
** Since the inhabitants of Athens were Pelasgians, also known as Cranaans, Cranaus is presumed to be the son of Io. [Herod.8.44, Ps-Scym.550]
** Cranaus likely lived near the Triton River in Boeotia, where his ancestor Ogygus once lived. [Strabo.9.2.18]
** Cecrops (at Cranaus' command) founded Athens and Eleusis on the Triton River. [Strabo.9.2.18]
** Homer (Il.4.8) uses Alalcomenae as a nickname for Athena, suggesting that the village existed near the Triton River at that time.
** Atthis's son, Erichthonius, came to Athens from Egypt, so it is likely that Atthis also returned to Egypt.
1515 BC | Hellen, son of Deucalion, founded Hellas across the Enipeus River. [Strabo.9.5.6]
1511 BC | Flood during the Reign of Deucalion
** During the reign of Cecrops. [Euseb.Chron.183]
** During the reign of Cranaus. [Apo.3.14.5, Newton.143]
** A major earthquake dammed the Peneius River in Thessaly near its mouth, causing a major flood. [Apo.3.14.5, Euseb.183]
** Following the disaster in Hellas, Hellen migrated to Melitaea. [Strabo.9.5.6]
1511 BC | Deucalion, along with Hellen and Amphictyon, took refuge in Athens. [Newton.143]
** Deucalion's tomb was in Athens. [Newton.143, Paus.1.18.8, Strabo.9.4.2]
1511 BC | Cecrops died, and Cranaus became king of Athens. [Paus.1.2.6]
** It is believed that Cranaus sided with Deucalion and usurped the throne from Cecrops.
1511 BC | Cranaus exiled his daughter Atthis and her husband to Egypt. [This is inferred from the fact that after Cranaus' death, the son of Cranaus' daughter, rather than his son Rharus, succeeded him as king of Athens.]
** Atthis's husband was likely the son of Erysichthon, son of Cecrops.
1510 BC | Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, married Cranaus' daughter. [Paus.1.2.6, Euseb.Chron.183]
1510 BC | Erichthonius, son of Atthis, was born. [Apo.3.14.6]
1510 BC | Lycaon, son of Pelasgus, held the Lycaean Games. [Paus.8.2.1]
** The Lycaean Games are likely the oldest Greek games.
1502 BC | Cranaus was exiled to Amphictyon and died in Lamptrae (between Athens and Cape Sunium). [Apo.3.14.6, Euseb.183, Paus.1.31.3]
1495 BC | Meliteus, son of Hellen and Othreis, founded Melitaea. [Antoninus.13, FGrH.Nr4.F125]
** During the time of Deucalion and Hellen, the town was called Pyrrha, but it is believed that it was renamed Melitaea during the time of Meliteus. [Strabo.9.5.6]
1492 BC | a severe drought struck Greece. [Diod.1.29.1]
1492 BC | Erichthonius, son of Cranaus' daughter Atthis, emigrated from Egypt to Athens. [Diod.1.29.1, Paus.1.2.6]
** Erichthonius expelled Amphictyon and became king of Athens. [Diod.1.29.1, Paus.1.2.6]
** Erichthonius was a cousin of Celeus, son of Rharus, son of Cranaus, who lived in Eleusis. [Newton.Chro.143]
** Rharus came to Eleusis with Erichthonius from Egypt.
** Barley seeds were first sown in the Rharium plain near Eleusis in 1492 BC. [Diod.1.29.2, Paus.1.38.6]
** It is believed that Rharus brought the seeds from Egypt and sowed them.
** It was Peloponnesus to whom Triptolemus first gave seeds of the Demeter fruit. [Xeno.Hel.6.3.6]
** Myles, son of Lelex, invented the millstone and ground flour. [Paus.3.20.2]
1490 BC | Orchomenus, son of Lycaon, founded Orchomenus in Arcadia. [Paus.8.3.3]
1480 BC | Orchomenus founded Methydrium in Arcadia. [Paus.8.3.3, Paus.8.36.1]
1480 BC | the Pelasgians moved their oracle from Scotussa in Thessaly to Dodona. [Strabo.7.7.10-12, Strabo.9.5.23]
** Thessalus, son of Haemon, built a temple at Dodona. [Hyginus.225]
** The sanctuary (of Dodona) was also from the beginning of the Pelasgian period. [Strabo.9.2.4]
** The sanctuary at Dodona itself is thought to have been founded by the Pelasgians.
1470 BC | Xuthus, son of Hellen, was expelled from Thessaly by his brothers Aeolus and Dorus and settled in Athens. [Paus.7.1.2]
** Xuthus married Creusa, daughter of Erichthonius, the fourth king of Athens. [Paus.7.1.2]
1470 BC | Tegeates, son of Lycaon, founded Tegea. [Paus.8.3.4]
1465 BC | Xuthus founded Tetrapolis (Oenoe, Marathon, Probalinthus, Tricorynthus) in northeastern Attica. [Strabo.8.7.1]
1460 BC | Dorus, son of Hellen, migrated from Melitaea to the Peneius River basin in northern Thessaly. [Herod.1.56]
** Dorus became the ancestor of the Dorians. [Apo.1.7.3]
1450 BC | a famine occurred in Arcadia. [Paus.8.53.3]
1450 BC | Tegeates' sons, Cydon, Gortys, and Archedius, migrated from Tegea to Crete. [Diod.5.80.1, Paus.8.53.4]
** Tegeates' sons founded Cydonia, Gortyna, and Catreus.
** Diodorus lists the Pelasgians as inhabitants of Crete following the Eteocretans. [Diod.5.80.1]
1450 BC | Heraeus, son of Lycaon, founded Heraea on the right bank of the Alpheius River in Arcadia. [Paus.8.26.1]
1450 BC | Hyperetus, son of Lycaon, migrated to the region of Achaia and founded Hyperesia. [StephByz.Y650.17]
1450 BC | Caucon, son of Lycaon, migrated from Arcadia to southern Eleia and founded Lepreum. [Strabo.8.3.16]
1450 BC | Cyrbas, who lived in Cnossus, migrated to the southeastern coast of the island and founded Hierapytna. [Cleme.Exho.2, Nonnus.14.23, Strabo.8.6.13]
1450 BC | Hierapytna destroyed Prasus (or Priansos). [Strabo.10.4.12]
** Hierapytna's destruction of Prasus may have occurred at a later date.
1450 BC | Erysichthon migrated from Prasus in Crete to Rhodes. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr4.F122 and Strabo.10.3.19]
** The migration from Prasus is likely due not to an attack by Hierapytna, but to the settlement of Gortys, son of Tegeates, in Gortyna.
1450 BC | Erysichthon married Rhodos, daughter of Halia of Telchine, and had seven sons. [Diod.5.55.4, Diod.5.56.5]
1446 BC | Orchomenus' daughter, Sterope (or Asterie, Asterope), married Heraeus, son of Lycaon, who lived in Heraea, Arcadia. [Estimated from Paus. 8.20.1-4 and Paus. 8.26.1]
1445 BC | Hypseus, son of Aeolus, emigrated from Melitaea to the vicinity of Mount Pelion. [Diod. 4.81.1]
1442 BC | Xuthus, son of Hellen, emigrated from Attica to the region of Aegialus (later Achaia). [Paus. 7.1.3]
** Following the death of his father-in-law, King Erechtheus, Xuthus likely led a people unable to support themselves in Attica in search of a new home. [Paus. 7.1.2]
** Xuthus, son of Hellen, was the first Aeolian to enter the Peloponnesus.
1440 BC | Xuthus' son, Ion, married Helice, daughter of Selinus, king of the Aegialians, and succeeded Selinus. [Paus.7.1.4]
** Selinus is presumed to be the son of Hyperetus, the founder of Hyperesia.
1438 BC | iron was accidentally discovered during a forest fire on Mount Ida in Crete. [Cleme.Str.1.21]
** Iron was discovered during the reign of Asterius, son of Teutamus (born 1442 BC). [Newton.183]
** Telchines was the first to process iron and copper. [Strabo.14.2.7]
** Amathus of Cyprus produced copper. [Ovid.10.520]
** The Idaean Dactyls of Aptera, in Berecynthus, Crete, were the first to invent a method for utilizing iron. [Diod.5.64.5]
** The Idaean Dactyls of Crete invented the first iron-smithing method. [Pliny.7.197]
** The Idaean Dactyls were the first iron producers. [FGrH.Nr333.F47]
** Celmis (and Damnameneus) of the Idaean Dactyls discovered iron in Ida, Crete, during the reign of Pandion of Athens. [Parian.Marble.11]
** Telchines migrated from Crete to Cyprus and Rhodes. [Strabo.14.2.7]
** It is said that people called Idaean Dactyls taught iron smelting and quenching in Crete. [Hesiod.ID.F1]
** The first Idaean Dactyls, Celmis and Damnameneus, discovered iron in Cyprus. [Hesiod.ID.F2]
** Kelmis and Damnaneus, Idaean Dactyls, first discovered iron in Cyprus. [Hesiod fragments cited by Cleme.Str.1.16, Euseb.Pra.10.6]
** Damnameneus and Scelmis were Telchines. [Nonnus.14.36]
** Corybantes, Cabeiri, Idaean Dactyls, and Telchines, identical with Curetes, were of the same clan. [Strabo.10.3.7]
1435 BC | Achaeus, son of Xuthus, gained allies from Athens and returned from the Aegialus region to Melitaea in Thessaly. [Paus.7.1.3]
1435 BC | Mimas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen, migrated northwest from Melitaea and founded Arne. [Inferred from Paus.7.1.3, exiled by Achaeus]
** Mimas's brothers Athamas and Sisyphus are also thought to have migrated from Melitaea to Arne.
1435 BC | Teuclus set sail from Aptera in Crete and landed near Hamaxitus on the Trood. [Strabo.13.1.48]
** This likely occurred prior to Cadmus' visit to Samothrace, possibly related to the earlier discovery of iron by the Idaean Dactyls.
** The Teucrians gave Mount Ida the same name as a mountain in Crete. [Strabo.13.1.48]
** Teucrus founded Teucris (later Dardanus) near the Hellespontus Strait. [Antiq.1.61.4, StephByz.D218.1]
** Teukros was king of Gergis. [Herod.5.122, 7.43]
1433 BC | the Idaean Dactyls, who accompanied Teucrus, discovered promising deposits around Mount Ida and began processing iron. [Strabo.10.3.22]
** The Idaean Dactyls produced iron at Mount Ida near Cyzicus. [Diod.17.7.5]
1432 BC | Aeolus was born in Arne, Thessaly, as the son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, and Melanippe. [Diod.4.67.3, Home.Od.10.2]
1431 BC | the Idaean Dactyls, along with Cabeiri, traveled to the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, and Samothrace. [Estimated from Strabo.10.3.22]
1430 BC | Ion, son of Xuthus, founded Helices, named after his wife, Helices. [Paus.7.1.4]
1430 BC | Agenor emigrated from Thebes, Egypt, to Sidon, Phoenicia. [Diod. 1.23.4, Pliny. 5.76]
1430 BC | Danaus set sail from Chemmis in Egypt and landed at Lindus in Rhodes. [Apo. 2.1.4, Diod. 5.58.1, Herod. 2.91]
** Among the many pagan leaders expelled from Egypt, Danaus and Cadmus were the most famous. [Diod. 40.3]
** Lindus was a city established after the flood of 1390 BC.
1430 BC | Danaus built a temple to Athena in Lindus, Rhodes, after losing three of his daughters. [Diod.5.58.1]
** Danaus' daughters, who remained in Rhodes, built it. [Strabo.14.2.13]
** Helike and Archedike, who were chosen by lottery, built the Lindian Temple of Athena. [Parian.Marble.9]
** The seated statue of Athena was made of wood. [Euseb.Pra.3.8]
** Danaus had 50 daughters. [Apo.2.1.4, Hyginus.168, Lucian Dial.6, Pind N.10.1, Plut.Mor.837e, Strabo.5.2.4, Tze.7.360]
1430 BC | Danaus landed near Pyramia in Thyrea, on the border between Argos and Lacedaemon. [Plut.Pyrrhus.32]
** Danaus' final landing site was Apobathmi near Lerna. [Paus.2.38.4]
** Cadmus [Dictys.5.17, Diod.3.67.1, Herod.5.58, Hyginus.277] and Danaus [Dictys.5.17, FGrH.Nr1.F20] transmitted the Phoenician alphabet.
** The Egyptians invented the alphabet, and the Phoenicians introduced it to the Greeks. [Tacit.Ann.11.14]
** The Phoenicians, who migrated with Cadmus, brought it with them, and when their language became Greek, it became the Greek alphabet. [Herod.5.58]
1430 BC | Danaus seized control of Argos from Gelanor, son of Sthenelas (or Stheneleus, Sthenelus, or Sthelenus). [Paus.2.16.1, Plut.Pyrrhus.32, Jerome Chro.1475]
** Gelanor fled to Sicyon, where his people lived. [Inferred from Paus.2.6.5]
** There was a battle between Danaus and Gelanor. [Jerome.1475] Gelanor surrendered to Danaus. [Apo.2.1.4]
** Gelanor was driven from the city in a civil war, and Danaus attacked it and won. [Plut.Pyrr.32]
** Danaus demanded the kingship from Gelanor and then usurped it. [Paus.2.19.3, Paus.2.16.1]
1430 BC | Danaus' brother Aegyptus settled in Aroe (later Patrae) in the northwest of the Peloponnesus Peninsula. Aegyptus' tomb was located in Aroe. [Paus.7.21.13]
1430 BC | Orus, likely Danaus' brother, founded Oraea (later Troezen). [Paus.2.30.5]
1430 BC | Danaus' uncle Lelex settled in the area that would later become Lacedaemon. [Apo.3.10.3, Paus.1.39.6, Paus.1.44.3]
** The region came to be called Lelegia, and its inhabitants Leleges. [Paus.4.1.1, Paus.1.44.3]
1430 BC | Lelex left Lacedaemon in the care of his son Myles and moved to Megara. [Apo.3.10.3, Paus.1.39.6, Paus.1.44.3]
** The people of the region came to be called Leleges. [Paus.1.39.6]
1430 BC | the husband of Lelex's daughter Therapne founded Therapne near Lacedaemon. [Paus.3.19.9, Strabo.7.7.2]
1430 BC | Dardanus emigrated from Methydrium in Arcadia to Samothrace. [Antiq.1.61.3, Paus.8.36.1]
** Dardanus's mother's sister, Alcyone, joined Dardanus's migration along with her husband Megassares, her two sons Hyperenor and Hyrieus, and her daughter Pharnace. [Apo.3.10.1, Paus.9.22.5]
1430 BC | Parus, son of Parrhasius, son of Lycaon, emigrated from Parrhasia in Arcadia to the island of Paros. [StephByz.P507.5, Dic:Parrhasius]
1430 BC | Celmis and Damnameneus discovered iron in Cyprus. [Hesiod.ID.F2]
1430 BC | Merope, daughter of Orchomenus, fled from Orchomenus in Arcadia to Hyperesia in the Achaian region. [Inferred from the marriage of Sisyphus and Merope (Apo.3.10.1)]
1429 BC | Cybele, a Cabeiri who traveled to Samothrace with the Idaean Dactyls, married Iasion, brother of Dardanus. [Diod.5.49.2]
1426 BC | Cadmus, son of Agenor, set sail from Sidon with a colony. [Diod.4.2.1, Isocrates.Helen.68, Ovid.Meta.3.120, Pliny.5.76]
** Cadmus, who was a citizen of Egyptian Thebes. [Diod.1.23.4]
** Phoenix and Cadmus, having set out from Egyptian Thebes into Syria, reigned in Tyre and Sidon. [Jerome Chro.1454]
1426 BC | Cadmus landed at Lindus in Rhodes. [Diod.5.58.2]
1426 BC | Merope married Sisyphus, son of Aeolus. [Apo.3.10.1]
1425 BC | Astypalaea, daughter of Phoenix, who was part of Cadmus's immigrant group, married Heracles, an Idaean from Aptera. [Estimated from Paus.7.4.1]
1425 BC | Europa, daughter of Phoenix, who was part of Cadmus's immigrant group, married Cydon, son of Tegeates, founder of Cydonia. [Estimated]
1425 BC | Cadmus stopped at the island of Calliste (later known as Thera), where a group of people led by Membliarus, son of Poeciles, settled on the island. [Herod.4.147]
1425 BC | Cadmus stopped at Samothrace, where he was initiated and married Harmonia. [Diod.5.48.5]
1425 BC | Cadmus traveled from Samothrace to Thracia. [Inferred from the death of Cadmus' mother, Telephassa, in Thracia and the discovery of gold mines on Mount Pangaeus.]
1425 BC | the sons of Rhodos (Heliadae) expelled the Telchines from Rhodes. [Diod. 5.56.1, Nonnus. 14.36]
1425 BC | Lycus of Telchines emigrated from Rhodes to Lycia near the Xanthus River and dedicated a temple to Apollo Lycius. [Diod. 5.56.1]
1425 BC | Lynceus, son of Aegyptus, married Hypermnestra, eldest daughter of Danaus. [Apo. 2.2.1, Pindaros. 622]
** Hypermnestra was a priestess at the temple of Hera in Argos. [Jerome Chro. 1434, Newton Chro. 139]
1425 BC | Cilix, son of Agenor, moved to Cilicia near Mount Ida and founded Thebe. [Apo. 3.1.1]
** Cilix's daughter, Thebe, married Corybas of Mount Ida, and it is likely that Cilix named the town after her. [Diod. 5.49.3]
1425 BC | Archander, son of Achaeus, married Cyrene, daughter of Hypseus. [Diod. 4.81.2, Hyginus. 161, Nonnus. 13.286]
1424 BC | Aristaeus was born in Melitaea, Thessaly, to Archander, son of Achaeus, and Cyrene, daughter of Hypseus. [Diod. 4.81.2]
1423 BC | Abas was born in Argos, the son of Lynceus and Hypermnestra. [Apo. 2.2.1, Paus. 2.16.2]
1422 BC | Cadmus discovered gold near Mount Pangaeus, north of the Chalcidice Peninsula. [Cleme. Str. 1.16, Euseb. Pra. 10.6, Strabo. 14.5.28, Plin. 7.197, Newton. 146]
** The group of artisans accompanying Cadmus were the Telchines, also known as the Idaean Dactyls. [Newton.146]
** Cadmus found gold in the mountain Pangæus in Thracia, and copper at Thebes. [Newton.146]
1422 BC | Cadmus's mother, Telephassa, died in Thracia. [Apo.3.4.1]
1420 BC | The First Aegean Sea Tsunami
** Diodorus reports that Cadmus founded Cadmeia after the Deucalion flood. [Diodorus.19.53]
1420 BC | a tsunami struck Rhodes. [Diodorus.5.56.2]
1420 BC | Dardanus of Samothrace's wife Chryse and brother Iasus died in the tsunami. [Estimated]
1420 BC | Dardanus emigrated to the Trood from Samothrace. [Apo.3.12.1, Diod.5.49.2, Hesiod.CW.F102]
** Dardanus founded Dardanus at the foot of Mount Ida. [Apo.3.12.1]
** He lived with the Teucrians, who lived in Teucris. [Antiq.1.61.4]
1420 BC | the people who settled on the coast of Thracia with Cadmus were devastated by a tsunami. [Estimated]
1420 BC | Danaus died, and his son-in-law, Lynceus, inherited control of Argos. [Paus.2.16.1, Cleme.Str.1.21]
1420 BC | Cadmus migrated from Thracia to Boeotia and founded Cadmeia (later Thebes). [Herod.1.56, Strabo.9.2.3]
** Cadmus likely chose Cadmeia because of the presence of exposed copper ore. [Pliny.34.117]
** The ore came to be called cadmea. [Pliny.34.2]
** Curetes (Idaean Dactyli), a follower of Cadmus, discovered copper in Cadmeia. [Newton.146]
** Curetes, a follower of Cadmus, discovered copper deposits in Chalcis, Euboea. [Newton. 146, Strabo. 10.1.9, Strabo. 10.3.19]
** Among Cadmus's colonists were the Sparti (or Spartos), second only in strength to Cadmus. [Apo. 3.4.2, Paus. 9.5.3]
** The Sparti devised a tactic of forcing their troops to kneel, then, when the enemy approached, rising up with a roar, surprising the enemy. [Photios.186.37]
** Chthonius, Udaeus, Hyperenor, Pelorus, Echion [Apo.3.4.1]
** Chthonius, Udaeus, Hyperenor, Pelorus, Echion [Hyginus.178]
** Chthonius, Udaeus, Hyperenor, Pelorus, Echion [Paus.9.5.3]
** Chthonius, Udaeus, Hyperenor, Pelorus, Echion [Tze.10.430]
** Cadmus and Danaus introduced the Phoenician alphabet to Greece. [Dictys.5.17, Euseb.Pra.1.6]
** Cadmus's immigrants included Arabians who settled in Euboea. [Strabo.10.1.8]
** The Temmics (Temmicians) also migrated to Boeotia from Cape Sunium. [Strabo.9.2.3]
** The Temmixes (Temmikes) were the first tribe to settle in Boeotia. [StephByz.T615.3, TzeAdLyco.644]
1420 BC | the Hyantes, who lived in Boeotia, were defeated by Cadmus and driven westward. [Paus.9.5.1, Paus.10.35.5]
** The Hyantes lived in Thebes. [Paus.10.35.5, TzeAdLyco.433]
** The Hyantes were centered around Onchestus. [Apollo.3.1240]
** Some of the Hyantes migrated to Aetolia. [Strabo.10.3.4]
** Later, when Aetolus migrated from Elis, it is believed that the Hyantes, who changed their name, were in the land of Curetes (the ancient name of Pleuron [Strabo.10.2.5]).
** The Hyantes were barbarians. [Strabo.9.2.3]
** The Thracians, who were driven out by the Boeotians and Orchomenians in 1126 BC | are believed to have been Hyantes living in Hyampolis. [Strabo.9.2.3-4]
1420 BC | the Aonians, defeated in battle by Cadmus, were allowed to live in Glissas. [Nonnus.5.35, Paus.9.5.1]
1420 BC | the Gephyraeans, who came from Phoenicia with Cadmus, settled around Tanagra. [Herod. 5.57, Strabo. 9.2.10]
** The leader of the Gephyraeans is believed to have been Cephisus. [Plut.QuestGr.40] Tanagra was called Gephyra. [FGrH.Nr1.F118]
1420 BC | Anthas, son of Alcyone, daughter of Atlas, founded Anthedon. [Paus. 9.22.5, StephByz.A96.11]
1420 BC | Tectamus, son of Dorus, led a group of immigrants from Peloponnesus to Crete. [Diod.4.60.2, 5.80.2]
1420 BC | Achaeus emigrated from Melitaea in Thessaly to Peloponnesus. [Paus.7.1.6, Strabo.8.7.1]
** Achaeus likely emigrated to the Aegialus region, where he lived before going to Thessaly.
** Pausanias records that two of Achaeus' sons, Archander and Architeles, emigrated from Phthiotis to Argos. [Paus.7.1.6]
** Strabo records that Achaeus "committed the crime of negligent murder" and went into exile in Lacedaemon. [Strabo.8.7.1]
** [Presumably] Achaeus and his sons returned to the Aegialus region, and Archander and Architeles married the daughters of Danaus.
** After joining the forces of Argos in the war against Sicyon, Archander lived in Argos and served as guardian to Abas.
** At this time, the inhabitants of the area from Aegialus to Argos were called Achaeans. Later, along with Messene, who married Polycaon, son of Lelex, son of Lacedaemon, many Achaeans from Argos migrated to Andania in Messenia. The inhabitants of the area from Argolis to parts of Messenia became known as Achaeans.
** Sisyphus, accompanied by his cousin Achaeus, migrated from Thessaly to Aegialus. [Inferred from Paus. 7.1.6 and Strabo. 8.7.1]
** Merope, daughter of Orchomenus, lived in Hyperesia, near Aegialus, and Merope and Sisyphus were married.
1420 BC | Tereus migrated from Thracia to the area near Daulis in Phocis. [Strabo.7.7.1]
** Tereus was a Thracian and had a brother, Dryas. [Hyginus.45]
** During the time of Pentheus, son of Agave, daughter of Cadmus, Lycurgus, son of Dryas, was king of the Edoni along the Strymon River. [Apo.3.5.1-4]
** Tereus likely traveled south with Cadmus during his great migration.
1420 BC | Dorus, son of Hellen, migrated from near Mount Olympus to Pindus, between Mounts Oeta and Parnassus. [Herod.1.56]
** Dorus migrated after being chased by Cadmus. [Herod.1.56]
** Dorus lived in Doris in Thessaly. [Strabo.9.5.17]
** The inhabitants of Pindus were called Macedni. [Herod.1.56, StephByz.D251.6]
** Dorus gathered the Dorians around Mount Parnassus and founded Pindus. [Ps-Scym.587, Strabo.8.7.1]
1420 BC | Heracles of Mount Ida led a group of people affected by a tsunami to migrate to Eleia. [Estimated from Paus.5.7.9]
** It is believed that they decided on their destination after hearing from Cydon, who founded Cydonia, next to Aptera, where Idaean Heracles lived.
1419 BC | Heracles of Mount Ida and his five brothers held the first Olympic Games at Olympia. [Paus.5.7.9]
** Idaean Heracles (Acmon), estimated to have been born in 1445 BC | was the oldest, so this event likely occurred around this time.
** The brothers competed in a foot race, and the winner was awarded an olive wreath. [Paus.5.7.7]
** They named the Olympic Games and held them every fifth year. [Paus.5.7.9]
** Idaean Heracles' brothers were Paeonaeus, Epimedes, Iasius, and Idas. [Paus.5.7.6]
1419 BC | Dardanus remarried Teuclus' daughter, Bateia, and after Teuclus' death, Dardanus inherited the region. [Apo.3.12.1, Diod.4.75.1]
1418 BC | Tereus emigrated from Phocis to Pagae in the region of Megara. [Paus.1.41.8]
** Tereus married Procne, daughter of Pandion, king of Athens. [Apo.3.14.8, Paus.1.5.4, Hyginus.45]
** Tereus's tomb was in Megara. [Paus.1.41.8]
1418 BC | Polydorus was born to Cadmus and Harmonia. [Apo.3.4.2]
1416 BC | five Curetes of Crete expelled the Carians from Cherronesus, across the Rhodes, and founded five towns. [Diod.5.60.1]
** Presumably five brothers, including the Idaean Heracles, who first held the Olympic Games at Olympia. [Paus.5.7.9]
1415 BC | Eumolpus invaded Attica. [Strabo.7.7.1]
** Strabo writes that Eumolpus, who fought against Ion, was a Thracian, but confuses him with Eumolpus, son of Chione. [Strabo.8.7.1]
** Eumolpus is likely a descendant of Larisa, daughter of Pelasgus, who emigrated from Argos to Thessaly, for the following reasons:
** When Eumolpus' son Immaradus fought against Erechtheus of Athens, Scirus came from Dodona to support him. [Paus.1.36.4]
** At that time, Dodona was inhabited by the descendants of Larisa, the daughter of Pelasgus, who had emigrated to Thessaly. [Hyginus.225, Strabo.7.7.10]
** Eleusis was also inhabited by the descendants of the Mystery Priest Trochilus, who had emigrated from Argos. [Paus.1.14.2]
** Trochilus fled Argos to Eleusis around 1580 BC due to a conflict with Agenor, the brother of Larisa's father, Pelasgus. [Paus.1.14.2]
** Eumolpus' invasion could have occurred when he was driven out of Thessaly in 1390 BC | rather than 1415 BC | but this is ruled out for the following reasons:
** Xuthus' Ion (45) would have reached a very advanced age (70).
** The reign of the 6th king, Erechtheus (40), will take place instead of the 5th king, Pandion (55), eliminating the need for Ion to become polemarchos.
1415 BC | the Athenians temporarily fled to Tanagra in Boeotia, where the Gephyraeans lived. [Suda.delta.1395]
** This flight allowed Erechtheus to marry Praxithea. [Apo.3.15.1, Tzetzes.1.170]
1415 BC | Ion, son of Xuthus, was promoted by the Athenians to polemarchos and fought against Eumolpus, resulting in a truce. [Herod.8.44, Paus.2.14.2, FGrH.333.176]
** After the battle, Eumolpus settled in Eleusis, so it is likely that Eumolpus prevailed and Ion negotiated the truce. [Paus.2.14.2]
** In honor of Ion, who saved the Athenians, a festival called Boedromia was held in Athens. [FGrH.Nr333.F176, Suda.beta.357]
** Ion's mother was Creusa, daughter of Erechtheus, the fourth king of Athens. Pandion, the king of Athens at the time, was Ion's uncle. [Paus.7.1.2]
** At the time of Eumolpus' invasion, Ion was not residing in Potami, but likely arrived from Helice in Achaia. [Paus.7.1.3-4]
1415 BC | Celeus's brother, Dysaules, emigrated from Eleusis to Celeae near Phlius. [Paus.2.14.4]
1415 BC | Crocon, son of Triptolemus, son of Celeus, was the first Eleusinian to settle on the east side of the Rheiti River, on the border with Athens. [Paus. 1.38.2]
1415 BC | Triopas, son of Rhodos, murdered his brother Tenages with the help of his other brothers and fled to Caria. [Diod. 5.57.2]
** Triopas, son of Erysichthon, founded Triopium (or Triopion) on the Cnidus Peninsula across from Rhodes. [Diod. 5.61.1, StephByz.T636.1]
** Triopas was cleansed of his fratricide by Melisseus, king of Cherronesus. [Diod. 5.61.1]
1415 BC | Macar, son of Rhodos, fled to Lesbos. [Diod. 5.57.2]
1415 BC | Candalus, son of Rhodos, fled to the island of Cos. [Diod.5.57.2]
1415 BC | Auges (Actis, Actics, Atlas), son of Rhodos, migrated from Rhodes to Egypt and founded Heliopolis. [Diod.5.57.2]
1415 BC | Athamas, son of Aeolus, founded Halus on the west shore of the Pagasetic Gulf. [Strabo.9.5.8]
1415 BC | Deucalion, son of Dorus, migrated from Pindus to Locris near Opus. [Strabo.9.4.2]
** Ozolian Locris was settled from Locris across Euboea. [Ps-Scym.475]
** The first settler of Ozolian Locris is thought to have been Orestheus, son of Deucalion. [Athen.35b, Paus.10.38.1]
1415 BC | Triptolemus visited Eumelus in Achaia and taught him about cereal cultivation and town building. [Paus.7.18.2]
** Triptolemus was the son of Celeus, the son of Rharus, the son of Cranaus, the son of Io.
** Eumelus was the son of Aegyptus, the son of Belus, the daughter of Libya, the daughter of Epaphus, the son of Io.
1415 BC | Eumelus founded Aroe (later Patrae) in Achaia. [Paus.7.18.2]
** Eumelus is thought to be the son of Aegyptus, the brother of Danaus, whose tomb is in Aroe.
1415 BC | Eumelus and Triptolemus jointly founded Antheia near Aroe. [Paus.7.18.3]
1413 BC | Protogenia, daughter of Deucalion, was married to Aeolus, son of Hippotes, who lived in Arne, Thessaly, from Locris. [Apo.1.7.2, Paus.5.8.2]
1413 BC | Lynceus died, and his son Abas inherited rulership of Argos. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.16.2]
1413 BC | Themisto, daughter of Hypseus, was married to Athamas, who lived in Halus on the west bank of the Pagasetic Gulf. [Apo.1.9.2, Hyginus.1, Paus.9.34.7]
1411 BC | Polydore, daughter of Danaus, married the son of Iphthime, who lived near the Peneus River. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr333.F8]
** Polydore's marriages were likely made possible by her sisters Scaea and Automate's marriages with the sons of Achaeus. [Paus.7.1.6]
1410 BC | Orestheus, son of Deucalion, migrated from Epicnemidian Locris to Ozolian Locris and founded Amphissa. [Athen.35b, Paus.10.38.1, Ps-Scym.475]
1410 BC | Pygmalion founded Carpasia in northeastern Cyprus. [StephByz.K361.13]
1410 BC | Sandocus, son of Astynous, migrated from Tyre in Phoenicia to Cilicia and founded Celenderis. [Apo.3.14.3, MarceReg.30]
** Astynous was the son of Phaethon, the son of Tithonus, the son of Cephalus, the son of Herse, the daughter of Cecrops. [Apo.3.14.3]
** Pygmalion and Sandocus likely emigrated at the same time as Pygmalion's daughter Metharme, who married Sandocus' son Cinyras. [Apo.3.14.3]
1410 BC | Amphictyon, the son of Deucalion, founded Antheia (or Anthela) near Thermopylae. [Herod.7.200]
1410 BC | Olenus, the son of Anaxitea, the daughter of Danaus, founded Olenus in Achaia. [FGrH.Nr334.F41]
1410 BC | Maceris founded Capsa in Libya. [Newton.114, Orosius.5.15]
1408 BC | Lamedon, son of Gelanor, who had been exiled by Danaus, invaded and occupied Argos from Sicyon. [MalaChro.4.68]
** In the fifth year of the reign of Abas (also known as Triopas), who succeeded Lynceus, Argos was occupied by Sicyon. [MalaChro.4.68]
1408 BC | Abas migrated to Phocis and founded Abae. [Paus.10.35.1]
** It is unclear why Abas migrated to Phocis, considering that Orus, who arrived with Danaus, was in Troezen, and Lelex was in Lacedaemon and Megara.
1408 BC | Amphianax, son of Antimachus, son of Aegyptus, and Midea, daughter of Danaus, emigrated to Ptolis (later Mantineia). [Estimated from Strabo.8.3.2, Paus.8.12.7]
** Like Abas, Amphianax is thought to have been exiled by Lamedon, son of Gelanor.
1408 BC | Archander, son of Achaeus, married Scaea, daughter of Danaus. [Paus.7.1.6]
1408 BC | Architeles, son of Achaeus, married Automate, daughter of Danaus. [Paus.7.1.6]
1407 BC | the son of Iphthime, daughter of Dorus, married Polydore, daughter of Danaus. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr333.F8 and Nonnus.14.105]
1407 BC | Achaeus' sons, Archander and Architeles, fought against Lamedon. [Paus.2.6.5]
** Pausanias records a battle between Archander and Lamedon, son of Coronus of Sicyon, but at a different time. [Paus.2.6.5]
** Lamedon is believed to be the son of Gelanor, who was driven from Argos by Danaus.
1407 BC | Orthopolis of Sicyon made peace by giving his daughter in marriage to Marathonius, son of Deucalion, and ceding Sicyon to him. [Estimated from Euseb.Chron.175]
** Deucalion of Locris, as a kindred spirit, is also believed to have joined the forces of Achaeus' sons.
** From this time on, the royal line of Sicyon shifted from the descendants of Inachus to the descendants of Deucalion of Thessaly.
1407 BC | Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, migrated near Sicyon and founded Ephyra (later Corinth). [Apo.1.9.3]
** Sisyphus likely joined the sons of his cousin Achaeus.
** After this, people from Thessaly migrated to various parts of Argolis, including Sicyon and Corinth, and the name Achaeans likely became established.
1407 BC | Abas returned to Argos from Abae, and his uncle-in-law, Archander, became his guardian. [Estimated from Paus.2.6.5]
1407 BC | Aristaeus married Autonoe, daughter of Cadmus. [Apo.3.4.2, Diodorus 4.81.3, Paus 10.17.4]
1406 BC | Actaeon was born to Aristaeus and Autonoe. [Diodorus 4.81.3]
** Diodorus states that Aristaeus was the son of Cyrene, but this is likely a different person or a fictionalized account.
** If Aristaeus was the son of Cyrene, Aristaeus would not have been able to accompany his father, Archander, to Egypt.
1405 BC | Polycaon, son of Lelex of Lacedaemon, founded Andania in Messenia. [Paus 4.1.2]
** Many Achaeans from Argos, the birthplace of Polycaon's wife, Messene, participated in the founding of Andania. [Paus 4.1.2]
** When Polycaon's descendants died out, he welcomed a successor from Thessaly. [Paus.4.2.2]
** The inhabitants of Andania are likely Achaeans who migrated from Thessaly to the area around Argos with the sons of Achaeus.
** Though a branch of Lacedaemon, the region was called Messene, not Lacedaemon, after Polycaon's wife Messene. [Paus.4.1.2]
1405 BC | Nauplius, son of Amymone, daughter of Danaus, founded Nauplia near Tiryns. [Paus.4.35.2, Paus.2.38.2]
1405 BC | Arcas, son of Callisto, founded Trapezus in Arcadia. [Hyginus.176, 275]
** In honor of Arcas, the Pelasgians living in Arcadia came to be called Arcadians. [Paus. 8.4.1]
1405 BC | Triptolemus, son of Celeus, gave seeds of cultivated grain to Arcas of Arcadia. [Paus. 8.4.1]
1404 BC | Ancaeus, son of Acmon, moved near the Maeander River and founded Lelegeis (later Miletus). [Pliny. 5.31.1]
1402 BC | Archander, son of Achaeus, migrated to the Nile Delta in Egypt and founded Archandropolis. [Herod. 2.98, Paus. 7.1.6]
** Archander was accompanied by Cyrene, whom he had married in Thessaly. [Diod. 4.81.1]
** Archander and Cyrene's son, Aristaeus, also accompanied Archander. [Estimated from Diod. 4.82.4]
1402 BC | Arcas, son of Callisto, married Meganira, daughter of Crocon, son of Triptolemus. [Apo. 3.9.1]
** This connection is likely due to Meganira's grandfather, Triptolemus, visiting Arcadia.
1402 BC | Thebe, daughter of Cilix, married Corybas, son of Cybele, who lived near Mount Ida. [Diod.5.49.3, PsPlut.NRM.13]
1401 BC | Abas married Aglaia, daughter of Mantineus of Ptolis (later Mantineia) in Arcadia. [Apo.2.2.1]
1400 BC | Proetus and Acrisius were born in Argos as twin sons of Abas and Aglaia. [Pindaros.418]
1400 BC | Thasus, son of Cilix, son of Agenor, emigrated from Thebe near Mount Ida and settled on the island of Thasus. [Apo.3.1.1, Herod.2.44]
** Cilix's son Thasus likely participated in the Assuwans' revolt, as recorded in the Tudhaliya Chronicle.
1400 BC | Madduwatta was attacked by Attarsiya of Ahhiyawa and fled to Tudhaliya I. [wiki: Madduwatta]
** Madduwatta was granted rulership of Zippasla and the Siyanda River Land by Tudhaliya I. [wiki: Madduwatta]
1400 BC | Maceris migrated from Canopus, Egypt, to the western edge of the Mediterranean Sea and founded Heraclea (later Calpe). [Strabo.3.1.7]
1400 BC | Auson's son, Liparus, was driven from the Italian peninsula by his brothers and settled on the island of Lipara, northeast of Sicily. [Diod.5.7.5]
** Until then, Lipara was called Meligunis. [Calli. Hym. 3.46, Strabo. 6.2.10, Pliny. 3.93]
1395 BC | Asterius of Cnossus died without an heir, and the Dorians summoned Minos to Cnossus. [Apo. 3.1.3, Diod. 4.60.3]
1393 BC | Aeolus' daughter Canace was married by Arne to Aloeus, son of Sisyphus of Sicyon. [Apo. 1.7.4, Paus. 2.1.1]
1392 BC | Erechtheus, the sixth king of Athens, married Praxithea. [Apo.3.15.1, Tzetzes.1.170]
** Cephisus, father of Praxithea's mother Diogenia, is believed to have been the leader of the Phoenicians who migrated to the area around Tanagra with Cadmus.
** The Phoenicians (Gephyraeans) who migrated with Praxithea brought Phoenician letters to Athens.
** The Gephyraeans are believed to have also brought knowledge of the constellations created in Mesopotamia to Athens.
** The constellation Orion, added by the Greeks, was associated with Tanagra, where the Gephyraeans lived.
1392 BC | Itonus, son of Amphictyon, migrated from Locris to the west coast of the Pagasetic Gulf in Thessaly and founded Itonus. [Paus.9.1.1]
** Athamas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen. Itonus, son of Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, son of Dorus, son of Hellen.
** It is likely that Itonus moved near Halus, seeking refuge with his grandfather's cousin Athamas, who founded Halus.
1391 BC | Itonus married Melanippe, daughter of Aeolus, who lived in Arne. [Paus.9.1.1]
1391 BC | Actaeon, the son of Cadmus' daughter Autonoe, was bitten by a domestic dog and died. [Apo. 3.4.4, Diod. 4.81.3, Paus. 10.30.5]
** Actaeon died while hunting on Mount Cithaeron. [Apo. 3.4.4, Tzetzes. 6.560]
** European lions lived between the Achelous and Nestus rivers. [Herod. 7.126, Pliny. 8.45]
** European lions were stronger than African and Syrian lions. [Arist. HA. 8.28.5, Pliny. 8.45]
1391 BC | Cadmus' daughter Autonoe, grieving the death of her son Actaeon, emigrated to Megara. [Paus.1.44.5]
1390 BC: The second tsunami in the Aegean Sea.
1390 BC | the Pelasgians were driven from Thessaly by the sons of Deucalion and migrated to various places. [Antiq.1.17.3, Antiq.1.28.3, Diod.5.61.1, FGrH.4.4]
** Triopas, son of Rhodos, joined the sons of Deucalion and was given Dotium as his share. [Diod.5.61.1]
** Triopas likely resided in Scotussa. [Strabo.7.8.F1]
** The oracle was moved from Scotussa to Dodona, but the sanctuary likely remained. [Strabo.7.8.F1]
1390 BC | most of the Pelasgians, driven out of Thessaly, fled to the area around Dodona. [Antiq.1.18.2]
1390 BC | some Pelasgians emigrated to the island of Chios. [Strabo.13.3.3]
1390 BC | some Pelasgians founded Spina, south of the mouth of the Padus River on the Italian peninsula. [Antiq.1.18.3, Just.20.1]
1390 BC | Canopus, Egypt, was also devastated by a tsunami, and Sardus, son of Maceris, led a migration to the island of Sardinia. [Paus.10.17.2]
1390 BC | Dius the Pelasgian emigrated from Thessaly to Metapontium in southern Italy with Itonus' wife, Melanippe. [Strabo.6.1.15]
1390 BC | Athamas, son of Aeolus, lost Halus on the west coast of the Pagasetic Gulf in a tsunami and emigrated to Boeotia. [Apo.1.9.3, Paus.9.34.7, Strabo.9.5.8]
** Athamas lived on the Athamantian Plain, between Acraephnium and Lake Copais, near Mount Ptous. [Paus.9.24.1]
** Athamas founded Acraephnium (or Acraephium), and his son Ptus named the nearby mountain. [StephByz.A63.10]
1390 BC | the Encheleans, who lived near Lake Copais, migrated to Illyria. [FGrH.Nr4.F50]
** The Encheleans' migration was likely due to internal conflict, and Cadmus likely migrated to Illyria with them.
** Cadmus and the Encheleans settled near the Rizous River, a three-day overland journey north-northwest of Epidamnos. [PsScylax.25]
1390 BC | Cadmus migrated at the request of the Encheleans of Illyria. [Apo.3.5.4, Apollo.4.507, Paus.9.5.3, Strabo.7.7.8]
** Cadmus' final resting place was Butoe (or Buthoe, now Budva) in Illyria. [FGrH.Nr790.F32]
** Cadmus' daughter Agave's daughter Epirus, born to Echion, also accompanied them. [Parthe.32]
1390 BC | Cadmus' son Polydorus became king of Thebes. [Apo.3.5.5]
1390 BC | Hyrieus' sons, Nycteus and Lycus, murdered Phlegyas and fled from Euboea to Hyria. [Apo.3.5.5]
** Euboea is thought to be the ancient name of Hyria near Aulis. Hyria is thought to be Hysiae at the foot of Mount Cithaeron. [Strabo.9.2.12]
** Thus, Nycteus and Lycus migrated from Hyria near Aulis to the foot of Mount Cithaeron and founded Hysiae. [FGrH.Nr333.F5]
1390 BC | Dryops, the son of Polydore and Iphthime's son, migrated from the Peneius River to the Spercheius River. [FGrH.Nr333.F8]
** Iphthime had three sons: Pherespondos, Lycos, and Pronomos. [Nonnus.14.105]
** Aristotle states that the Dryopians migrated to Asine from near the Spercheius River. [Strabo.8.6.13]
** Dryops, son of Polydore, daughter of Danaus, was the ancestor of the Dryopians. [FGrH.Nr333.F8]
** Iphthime's husband is likely Dorian, as Dryops' daughter Dryope married Andraemon, a descendant of Dorus.
1390 BC | Aeolus' three sons, Macareus, Perieres, and Aethlius, emigrated from Arne in Thessaly to Peloponnesus. [Diod. 5.81.2-4]
** Aeolis expanded his settlement westward from Locris and then crossed the strait to Peloponnesus.
** It is believed that he crossed the strait because some of the Hyantes, driven by Cadmus, were already living in Aetolia. [Strabo. 10.3.4]
1390 BC | Aeolus' son, Macareus, married the daughter of Olenus. [Inferred from Diod. 5.81.4]
1390 BC | Aeolus' son, Perieres, married the daughter of Olenus. [Inferred from the marriage of Pisus, son of Perieres, to Telegone, daughter of Pharis of Pharae]
** Perieres became the son-in-law of Olenus, and his son, Pisus, was born in Olenus. It is believed that Pisus later migrated from Olenus and founded Pisa.
1390 BC | Aethlius, son of Aeolus, migrated from Arne in Thessaly to Eleia and founded Elis. [Paus.5.1.3]
** The name of the Peneius River, which flows through Elis, is thought to have been given by the people who migrated with Aethlius. [Strabo.8.3.2]
1390 BC | Aeetes, son of Sisyphus, left Ephyraea (later Corinth) in the care of Bunus and emigrated to Colchis in search of a new home. [Paus.2.3.10]
** Aeetes's name was Cyta. [CalliAetia.F7c.5, StephByz.K398.14]
** Medea (or Medea) was from Cytae. [TzeAdLyco.174]
** Bunus founded the temple of Hera in Corinth. [Paus.2.4.7]
** Therefore, Bunus' mother, Alcidamea, is thought to have been a priestess at the temple of Hera in Argos.
** (Reason) Sisyphus's family descended from Deucalion of Thessaly and is thought to have had little connection to the worship of Hera.
** After the battle between Sicyon and Argos, Alcidamea, believed to be the daughter of Gelanor's son, Lamedon, is thought to have been given in marriage to Sisyphus' son, Almus.
1390 BC | Belus, son of Archander, migrated from Egypt to the mouth of the Aesepus River near Cyzicus. [Apollo. 2.1.4, Herod. 7.61, Strabo. 1.3.21]
** Belus's settlement came to be called Ethiopia.
1390 BC | Teleboas, son of Therapne, daughter of Lelex, migrated to western Acarnania. [Paus. 3.19.9]
** According to Aristotle, western Acarnania was inhabited by the Leleges and Teleboans. [Strabo. 7.7.2]
1390 BC | Aristaeus migrated to the island of Ceos. [Apollo. 2.528, Diod. 4.82.1]
** Among those who migrated were the Parrhasians, descendants of Lycaon (a major tribe at the founding of Arcadia). [Apollo.2.528]
** There is a legend that Aristaeus, son of Cyrene, was king of Arcadia. [Just.13.7]
1390 BC | Kupanta-Kurunta was defeated by Tudhaliya I (1410?-1390 BC) and Arnuwanda I (1390-80 BC). [wiki: Kupanta-Kurunta]
1390 BC | Kupanta-Kurunta captured and plundered Madduwatta's stronghold. [Yakubovich.98]
1390 BC | Tudhaliya I sent his general Piseni to restore Madduwatta. [Yakubovich.98]
1390 BC | Thesprotus, son of Lycaon, a descendant of Crannon, founder of Ephyra (later Crannon) in Thessaly, migrated southwest of Dodona and founded Ephyra. [Estimated from StephByz.A84.22]
1390 BC | Messapus migrated from Hyria in Boeotia to the southeastern part of the Italian peninsula. [Pliny.3.99, Strabo.9.2.13, StephByz.M447.12]
** The name Messapia comes from the name of Messapus. [Pliny.3.99]
** Messapus, the eponym of Messapia, was Greek. [Solinus.2.12, Pliny.3.16.1]
** The 3rd-century AD writer Antoninus Liberalis identifies Messapus with the Illyrians, but this is likely a fiction. [Antoninus.31]
** Based on the names of Hyria in Messapia and Mount Messapius near Hyria in Boeotia, Messapus is presumed to be the son of Hyrieus of Hyria. [Paus.9.22.5]
1390 BC | after a tsunami struck Athens, Boreas led a group of settlers inland on the mainland opposite the island of Samothrace. [Apo.3.15.1, Apollo.1.221, FGrH.Nr2.F30, Paus.1.19.5]
** Boreas traveled up the Hebrus River and its tributary, the Rheginia River, to find a suitable place for settlement. The Rheginia River, formerly called the Erigon River, was located at the foot of Mount Haemon, near the Sarpedon Rock. [Apollo.1.221, FGrH.Nr333.F145, Strabo.Fragment.48]
1389 BC | the Pelasgians, led by Janus, migrated from Perrhaebia in Thessaly to Velia (Cutilia), east of the Reate. [Antiq. 1.20.2, Plut. Mor. 269a]
1389 BC | Macareus, son of Aeolus, led a group of immigrants, including Ionians and Pelasgians, to Pelasgia (Lesbos). [Antiq. 1.18.1, Diod. 5.81.2-4]
1389 BC | in the summer, a plague ravaged Greece. [Diod. 4.82.2]
1389 BC | Autonoe died in Megara. [Paus.1.44.5]
1389 BC | Cercaphus' three sons, Lindus, Ialysus, and Cameirus, founded three towns named after them in Rhodes. [Diod.5.57.8, Strabo.14.2.8]
1388 BC | Aeolus' daughter, Melanippe, gave birth to Boeotus in Metapontium. [Paus.9.1.1, 7.4, Diod.4.67.4, Diod.19.53]
1388 BC | Triopas was expelled from Thessaly by the natives after building a palace out of wood cut down at the sacred site of Demeter. [Diod.5.61.2]
1388 BC | Triopas, son of Erysichthon, founded Triopium (or Triopia) in Caria, traveling from Rhodes via Thessaly. [Diod.5.61.2, FGrH.Nr4.F122, Newton.107, StephByz.T636.1]
** Triopium was located on a promontory outside the future Cnidus. [Thucy.8.35]
1387 BC | Thyia, daughter of Deucalion, was married to Aeolus, son of Hippotes, who lived in Arne in Thessaly, from Locris. [Apo.1.7.3, Hesiod.CW.F3]
1387 BC | Abas died in Argos. [Estimated from Euseb.157]
** Abas reigned for 23 years. [Euseb.157]
1387 BC | Abas' son Proetus expelled Acrisius and ruled Argos for 17 years. [Euseb.157]
1387 BC | Abas' son Acrisius fled Argos to Chemmis in Egypt.
** Acrisius married during his exile and had a daughter, Danae. Danae gave birth to Perseus in Chemmis.
** It is believed that Acrisius fled to Archander, the guardian of his father, Abas.
1387 BC | Aeolus and Stilbe had a son, Lapithes. [Diod.5.81.6]
1385 BC | Madduwatta, together with Attarsiya of Ahhiyawa, attacked Alasiya (Cyprus). [wiki: Madduwatta]
1385 BC | Cinyras, son of Sandocus, migrated from Celenderis in Cilicia to the southwest coast of Cyprus and founded Palaepaphos. [Apo.3.14.3]
1385 BC | the husband of Tricca, daughter of Peneius, founded Tricca in Thessaly. [Estimated from Steph.T635.1]
1385 BC | Caucon traveled from Eleusis to Andania in Messenia and transmitted the Mysteries of the Great Goddess to Messene. [Paus.4.26.8]
** Caucon was the grandson of Celaeno, sister of Messene.
1385 BC | Sancus migrated to Testruna. [Antiq.1.16.1, Antiq.2.49.2]
1385 BC | Ambrax, son of Thesprotus, migrated from Ephyra to the north side of the Ambracian Bay and founded Ambracia. [StephByz.A84.22]
1384 BC | Aethlius held the games at Olympia. [Euseb.Chron.191]
1381 BC | Acrisius married Aganippe. [Hyginus.63]
1381 BC | Idaea, daughter of Dardanus, was married to Phineus, son of Belus, who lived near the mouth of the Aesepus River. [Apocalypse 3.15.3, Dios 4.43.4]
1380 BC | Phineus, son of Belus, migrated from near the mouth of the Aesepus River to the southwestern shore of the Black Sea and founded Salmydessus. [Apocalypse 1.9.21, Apocalypse 2.1.4, Herod 7.61]
1380 BC | Schoeneus, son of Athamas, founded Schoenus northeast of Thebes. [Apocalypse 1.9.2, Paus 8.35.10, Strabo 9.2.22]
** There is no tradition that explicitly identifies Schoeneus, son of Athamas, as the founder of Schoenus. It is inferred from the following:
** The Schoenus River flowed through Schoenus. [Strabo.9.2.22]
** The Schoenus River was named after Schoeneus, son of Athamas. [StephByz.S596.10]
1380 BC | Andreus, son of Aeolus, migrated from Arne to Boeotia and founded Andreis (later Orchomenus). [Paus.9.34.7]
** Athamas, son of Aeolus, ceded land near Orchomenus to Andreus, son of Aeolus. [Paus.9.34.7]
** << The Pausanias story is thought to be the opposite >>
** 1390 BC | Athamas lost his land in a tsunami and settled in Boeotia, which was a suitable place for settlement at the time.
** His relative Andreus migrated from Arne to seek refuge with Athamas. Since Orchomenus subsequently developed, the opposite story is likely to have spread.
** Andreus was the son of Aeolus, the son of Hippotes, the son of Mimas, the son of Aeolus, the son of Hellen.
** Athamas was the son of Aeolus, the son of Hellen. Therefore, Athamas was the brother of Andreus' great-grandfather, Mimas.
1380 BC | Danae was born, the daughter of Acrisius. [Herod. 6.54, Hyginus. 63]
1380 BC | Phares, son of Danaus' daughter, Phylodameia, founded Pharae in the middle reaches of the Peirus River in Achaia. [Paus.7.22.5]
1380 BC | Oetylus, son of Amphianax, migrated from Ptolis in Arcadia to the north of Cape Taenarum and founded Oetylus. [Paus.3.25.10]
** Oetylos in Laconia is named after the hero Oetylus. [StephByz.O487.15]
1380 BC | Chthonius, son of Ialysus and Syme, daughter of Dotis, settled on the island of Metapontis (later Syme), with the support of Triopas. [Diod.5.53.1, StephByz.S591.17]
1380 BC | Polydorus, son of Cadmus, returned to Cadmeia from Illyria with his adult sons. [Estimated from Diod.19.53]
1378 BC | Athamas gave his granddaughter Euippe to Andreus as a wife. [Paus.9.34.9]
1377 BC | Polydorus, son of Cadmus, married Nycteis, daughter of Nycteus, son of Chthonius. [Apo.3.5.5]
1375 BC | Labdacus was born to Polydorus and Nycteis. [Apo.3.5.5]
1375 BC | Proetus founded the Temple of Hera near the coast of Sicyon. [Paus.2.12.2]
1375 BC | Epopeus, son of Aloeus, was adopted by his maternal grandfather, Aeolus, who lived in Arne in Thessaly. [Inferred from Paus.2.6.1]
1375 BC | Galepsus, son of Thasus, founded Galepsus on the opposite coast of the island of Thasus. [FGrH.Nr1.F152, StephByz.G197.11, Suda.gam.38]
1375 BC | Asterios, son of Minos, married Chalciope (or Iophossa, Euenia), daughter of Aeetes, from Colchis. [Inferred from Nonnus.13.222 and Aeetes' lineage]
** Asterios' marriage likely occurred through trade through the Hellespontos.
1372 BC | Aristaeus returned to Egypt from the island of Ceos and led a colony to Sardinia. [Diod. 4.82.4, Paus. 10.17.3]
1372 BC | Athamas' son Leucon, born to Themisto, died of illness. [Paus. 9.34.7]
1371 BC | Thersander's two sons, Coronus and Haliartus, were adopted by Athamas. [Paus. 9.34.7]
** Athamas was the brother of Thersander's father, Sisyphus.
1370 BC | Thersander's son Coronus founded Coroneia, southwest of Lake Copais in Boeotia. [Paus. 9.34.8]
1370 BC | Haliartus, son of Thersander, founded Haliartus near Thebes from Coroneia. [Paus. 9.34.8]
1370 BC | Hyantes, who had been pursued by Cadmus near Onchestus, migrated northwest of Lake Copais. [Apollo.3.1240, Paus.9.5.1, Paus.10.35.5]
** Hyantes likely migrated after being pursued by Coronus and Haliartus.
1370 BC | Asterios, son of Minos, son of Europa, migrated to Colchis. [Nonnus.13.222]
** During a battle between Aeetes' grandsons and neighboring tribes, Asterios likely came from the Trood to help his brother-in-law, and then settled in Colchis.
** If Asterios had expelled Chalciope's sons, it is unlikely that Minos and Pasiphae would have married, and Medea would not have inherited Corinth.
1370 BC | Phrixus' son, Cytissorus, migrated from Colchis to the southern coast of the Pontus Sea and founded Cytorus. [Strabo.12.3.10, StephByz.K399.12]
** Cytissorus likely founded Cytorus before marrying Sinope.
** Cytissorus' migration may have been related to Asterios' migration to Colchis. [Nonnus.13.222]
1370 BC | Phrixus' son, Presbon, and his brother Melas migrated from Colchis to Boeotia, where their grandfather Athamas lived. [Paus.9.34.8]
** Athamas was still alive. [Paus.9.34.8]
** Presbon inherited Athamas's territory, excluding the lands Athamas had given to his adopted sons, Haliartus and Coronus. [Paus.9.34.8]
** It is believed that they continued to have contact with Colchis even after returning to Presbon.
** The port of voyage to Colchis is believed to be Anthedon, where Aloeus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, settled. [Estimated from Paus.9.22.6]
1370 BC | Acrisius expelled Proetus and ruled Argos for 31 years. [Euseb.Chron.157]
** It is believed that Acrisius returned to Argos, leaving his wife Aganippe and daughter Danae in Egypt.
1370 BC | Proetus fled to Amphianax of Ptolis in Arcadia. [Apo.2.2.1]
** Aegyptus, father of Antimachus, father of Amphianax, was the father of Lynceus, father of Abas, father of Proetus.
** Thus, Proetus fled to seek refuge with Amphianax, his father Abas' cousin.
1370 BC | Proetus married Stheneboea, daughter of Amphianax. [Apo.2.2.1]
** Homer lists Anteia as Proetus's wife. [Home.Il.6.144]
** Homer confuses Proetus with Anteia, son of Thersander, son of Sisyphus of Corinth. [FGrH.Nr333.F170]
** Amphianax's two daughters, Stheneboea and Anteia, married Proetus, son of Abas and Thersander, respectively.
1370 BC | Boeotus, son of Melanippe, daughter of Aeolus, returned from Italy to Arne in Thessaly and succeeded his grandfather Aeolus. [Diod.4.67.6]
1370 BC | Epopeus, son of Aloeus, returned to Sicyon from Arne in Thessaly. [Paus.2.6.1]
1370 BC | Polydorus was killed by Pentheus, son of Agave, daughter of Cadmus. [Nonnus.5.190]
** Labdacus was estimated to have been 5 years old at the time.
1370 BC | Pentheus was killed by Dionysus, son of Semele. [Tzetzes.6.580]
** Labdacus' guardian, Nycteus, was likely involved.
1370 BC | Nycteus became Polydorus' son Labdacus' guardian due to his youth. [Paus.2.6.2, Paus.9.5.4]
1370 BC | Macareus' eldest son settled on the island of Chios from Lesbos. [Diod.5.81.7]
** Macareus' eldest son married a native daughter and had a son, Chios. [Estimated from Paus.7.4.8]
1370 BC | Aethusa's son, Eleuther, migrated south from Hyria across Mount Cithaeron and founded Eleutherae. [StephByz.E265.10]
1370 BC | Boreas' daughter, Cleopatra, married Phineus. [Apo.1.9.21, Apo.3.15.3, GrAntho.3.4]
1370 BC | the death of Triopas, son of Rhodes, led to civil war in Triopium (later Cnidus), resulting in migrations. [Athen.6.262e]
** Phorbas, son of Triopas, occupied Ialysus on the island of Rhodes, and Periergus, son of Triopas, occupied Cameirus. [Athen.6.262e]
1370 BC | Chione, daughter of Boreas, married Ceryx, son of Eumolpus, who lived in Thracia. [Inferred from Apo.3.15.4 and FGrH.10.13]
1370 BC | Physcius, son of Aetolus, son of Amphictyon, founded Physcus in Locris. [StephByz.Ph675.7]
1370 BC | Pharis, son of Danaus' daughter, Phylodameia, founded Pharae near the mouth of the Nedon River, which flows into the Gulf of Messenia. [Paus.4.30.2]
** Pharis gave the same name to a town founded by his brother, Phares, in the middle reaches of the Peirus River in Achaia. [Paus.7.22.5]
1368 BC | Proetus returned from Arcadia and occupied Tiryns. [Apo.2.2.1]
1368 BC | Proetus fought Acrisius east of Argos, suffering casualties but resulting in an inconclusive victory. [Paus.2.25.7]
1368 BC | Proetus made peace with Acrisius and was granted the territories of Tiryns, Heraeum, Mideia, and the maritime region of Argolis. [Paus.2.16.2]
** Proetus lived in Tiryns. [Paus.2.16.2]
1366 BC | Physcius, son of Aetolus, married Maera, daughter of Proetus, who lived in Corinth. [FGrH.333.170, Paus.10.30.5, Plut.QuestGr.15]
1365 BC | Almus, son of Sisyphus, founded Almones after receiving land from Eteocles, son of Andreus, king of Orchomenus. [Paus.9.34.10]
** Eteocles was the son of Andreus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen.
** Almus was the son of Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen.
** Almus was a cousin of Eteocles' great-grandfather Hippotes.
** It is likely that Athamas, Almus's uncle, bestowed the land upon Almus.
1365 BC | Aeolus, son of Melanippe, emigrated to the island of Lipar, northeast of Sicily, and married Liparus' daughter, Cyane. [Diod.5.7.5-6]
1365 BC | Amphion and Zethus were born to Antiope, daughter of Nycteus, son of Hyrieus (or Chthonius). [Apo.3.5.5, Home.Od.11.260]
** Estimated based on Lycus's guardianship period and the year of their marriage.
1365 BC | Nycteus was wounded and died in battle with Epopeus. [Paus.2.6.2]
1365 BC | Nycteus's brother Lycus succeeded Labdacus as guardian. [Paus.9.5.5]
1365 BC | Cydrolaus, son of Macareus, emigrated from Lesbos to the island of Samos. [Diod. 5.81.7-8]
1365 BC | Lapithes, son of Aeolus, ancestor of the Lapiths, migrated from Arne to the north side of the Peneius River. [Diod. 4.69.2]
1365 BC | Boreas' sons, Zetes and Calais, migrated to the island of Peuce (the land of the Hyperboreans). [Diod. 2.47.6, Hesiod. CW. F40]
** The kings and custodians of the Hyperborean sanctuaries were Boreadae (descendants of Boreas). [Diod. 2.47.6]
** The Hyperboreans, Athenians, and Delians had friendly relations. [Diod. 2.47.2-4]
1365 BC | the Teleboans settled on the Leucas Peninsula in western Acarnania. [Strabo.7.7.2]
1365 BC | Deion (or Deione or Deioneus), son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, migrated from Arne to Phocis. [Apo.1.9.4]
1364 BC | with Aeolus's help, Liparus migrated to Cape Athenaeum in the Gulf of Crater (present-day the Bay of Naples). [Diod.5.7.6]
1362 BC | Danae married Pilumnus. [ComAugCity.18.13]
** Danae's husband is likely the son of Metanastes, son of Archander.
** Since Perseus was born in Chemmis, Danae's husband likely lived in Chemmis. [Diod.4.9.1, Diod.1.24.8, Herod.2.91]
** Metanastes' mother, Scaea, spent her childhood in Chemmis before her father, Danaus, emigrated from Egypt. [Herod.2.91]
** Perseus' wife, Andromeda, was born in Ethiopia. [Apo.2.4.3, Plin.6.182]
** The founder of Ethiopia is believed to be Belus, son of Archander, an immigrant from Egypt. [Apo.2.1.4, Herod.7.61, Strabo.1.3.21]
1362 BC | during the reign of Eteocles, son of Andreus, several meteorites fell on Orchomenus. [Paus.9.38.1]
1362 BC | Dryops' daughter, Dryope, married Andraemon, son of Phytius (or Oxylus), who lived in Amphissa. [Antoninus.32, Ovid.Meta.9.362]
1361 BC | Phorbas, son of Lapithes, was born in the middle reaches of the Peneius River in northern Thessaly. [Diod.4.69.2]
1360 BC | Elatus, son of Arcas, married Laogore, daughter of Cinyras and Metharme, who lived in Palaepaphos in southwest Cyprus. [Apo.3.9.1]
1360 BC | Aloeus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, emigrated from Sicyon to Anthedon. [Paus.9.22.6]
** Schoenus, about halfway from Anthedon to Thebes, was founded by Schoenus, son of Athamas. Schoenus was a cousin of Aloeus's father.
** Aeetes, son of Sisyphus, brother of Aloeus's father, settled in Colchis. Anthedon was conveniently located for sailing to Colchis.
1360 BC | Phlegyas, son of Chryse, daughter of Almus, founded Phlegyas. He gathered warriors called Phlegyans in the town. [Paus.9.36.2]
** Phlegyas lived near the Cephisian lake. [Hymns.3.277]
** Phlegyes lived near Thebes. [FGrH.Nr333.F41]
1360 BC | Perseus, the son of Danae and Pilumnus, was born in Chemmis, Egypt. [Diod.4.9.1, Diod.1.24.8, Herod.2.91]
1360 BC | Pandorus, son of Erechtheus, traveled to Euboea and founded Chalcis. [Ps-Scym.566]
1357 BC | Acrisius married Eurydice, daughter of Lacedaemon. [Apo.3.10.3, Paus.3.13.8]
1357 BC | Labdacus came of age and was released from Lycus' guardianship. [Paus.9.5.5]
1356 BC | Oineus, son of Phytius, who lived in Amphissa in the Ozolian Locris, married Amphissa, daughter of Macar from the island of Lesbos. [Athen.35b, Diod.5.81.4, Paus.10.38.4]
** Oineus' grandfather, Orestheus, was the brother of Amphissa's grandmother, Protogenia. Therefore, Oineus was Amphissa's second cousin.
** Amphissa was named after Amphissa, daughter of Macar, son of Aeolus. [Paus.10.38.4]
** The name Amphissa comes from the octopus, who lives both on land and in the sea. [TzeAdLyco.1073]
** The name Amphissa comes from its location surrounded by hills. [Suda.al.1761]
1355 BC | Danae gave birth to a son, Daunus. [Dic: Daunus]
1355 BC | Cleitor, son of Azan, founded Cleitor in northern Arcadia. [Paus.8.4.5]
1354 BC | Harpina (or Harpine), daughter of Epopeus, married Alxion, who lived in Heraea, Arcadia. [Diod.4.73.1, Paus.5.1.6]
1352 BC | Immaradus, son of Eumolpus, fought against Erechtheus of Athens, and both were killed in battle. [Paus.1.38.3]
** The cult of Eleusis was inherited by the daughters of Eumolpus and Celeus, and then by Eumolpus, son of Chione. [Paus. 1.38.3]
1352 BC | Scirus was killed in battle while rushing from Dodona to support Eleusis. [Paus. 1.36.4]
1352 BC | Eumolpus, son of Chione, came from Thracia to support Eleusis. [Evidence from Paus.1.27.4 and Paus.1.38.2]
** The Thracian Eumolpus invaded Attica. [IsoPane.1, IsoPana.193, FGrH.Nr10.F13]
** Eumolpus, son of Chione, led the Thracians in Attica. [Apo.3.15.4, LycLeok.98]
** The Athenians were likely supported by descendants of Ion, son of Xuthus, son of Hellen, from their allies in Sicyon and Corinth.
** Marathon, son of Epopeus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen, likely participated from Sicyon and Corinth. [Paus.2.1.1]
** Marathon's support in this battle likely led to his marriage to Erechtheus' daughter. [Newton.173]
1352 BC | Erechtheus' son Cecrops became the seventh king of Athens. [Paus.1.5.3]
1351 BC | Amyclas, son of Lacedaemon, moved to the right bank of the Eurotas River, about 4 km south of Sparta, and founded Amyclae. [Paus.3.1.3]
1351 BC | Amyclas, son of Lacedaemon, married Diomede, daughter of Lapithes. [Apo.3.10.3]
** Amyclas's sister, Eurydice, was the wife of Acrisius of Argos, making Amyclas and Acrisius brothers-in-law. [Apo.3.10.3, Paus.3.13.8]
** When Acrisius organized the Amphictyon, he likely became acquainted with Lapithes of Thessaly and arranged for his brother-in-law to be married. [Strabo.9.3.7]
** Aeolis, who migrated from Thessaly with Diomede, was the first to settle in Lacedaemon.
1351 BC | Cromia, daughter of Itonus of Thessaly, was married to Endymion, son of Aethlius, who lived in Elis in Eleia. [Paus.5.1.4]
1350 BC | Immaradus' father, Eumolpus, died, and Immaradus' brother, Ceryx, migrated from Thracia to Eleusis and inherited the cult. [Paus.1.38.3]
1350 BC | Marathon, son of Epopeus, unable to tolerate his father's tyranny, emigrated from Sicyon to a coastal town in Attica. [Paus.2.1.1]
1350 BC | Marathon, son of Epopeus, married the daughter of Erechtheus, sixth king of Athens. [Newton.Chro.173]
1350 BC | Aspledon, son of Orchomenus, founded Aspledon northwest of Lake Copais in Boeotia. [Paus.9.38.9, Strabo.9.2.41]
1350 BC | Chryses, son of Chrysogeneia, built a new town (later Orchomenus) near Mount Acontius on the west side of Lake Copais. [Strabo.9.2.42]
1350 BC | the Phlegyans living in Boeotia ravaged Delpi. [Paus.9.36.2]
1350 BC | Acrisius organized the Amphictyons. [Strabo.9.3.7]
** Acrisius of Argos, where the Achaians had become numerous, likely organized the Amphictyons at the request of Locris and Phocis to fight against the Phlegyans.
** First tribe of Amphictyon son of Deucalion son of Dorus - Ionians, Dolopes, Thessalians, Aenianians, Magnesians, Malians, Phthiotians, Dorians, Phocians, Locrians who border on Phocis, living at the bottom of Mount Cnemis. [Paus.10.8.2]
** Ionians, Dolopes, Aenianians, Magnesians, Molians, Phthiotians, Dorians, Phocians, Perrhaiboi, Boiotians, Achaians, Delphians [Suda.Alpha.1736]
** Thessalians, Boeotians, Dorians, Ionians, Perrhaebi, Magnetes, Dolopians, Locrians, Oitaeans, Phthiotians, Malians, Phocians [Aeschines.116]
1350 BC | Philammon of Argos was killed in battle against the Phlegyans, who had ravaged Delphi. [Paus.9.36.2]
** Philammon was likely the son of Acrisius, as he commanded the elite of Argos. [Paus.9.36.2]
1350 BC | Elatus, son of Arcas, led the Arcadians in repelling the Phlegyans. [Paus.8.4.4, Paus.10.34.2]
1350 BC | Elatus, son of Arcas, founded Elateia in Phocis. [Paus.8.4.4]
1350 BC | Macedon, son of Aeolus, migrated from Arne to the vicinity of Mount Olympus. [Hesiod.CW.F3, Strabo.7.8.2]
1350 BC | Hippomenes, son of Haliartus, migrated from Haliartus toward Thebes and founded Oncestus. [Paus.9.26.5]
1350 BC | Magnes, son of Aeolus, and his brother Macedon migrated from Arne to near Mount Olympus. [Apo.1.7.3, Paus.6.21.11, Hesiod.Women.3]
1350 BC | Cretheus, son of Aeolus, migrated from Arne to the northern shore of the Pagasetic Gulf and founded Iolcus. [Apo.1.9.11]
1350 BC | Bithynus, son of Phineus, migrated from Salmydessus to Bithynia. [FGrH.156.77a]
1350 BC | Thynus, son of Phineus, emigrated from Salmydessus to Phrygia. [Strabo.7.3.2]
1350 BC | Mariandinus, son of Phineus, emigrated from Salmydessus to what later became Heracleia. [Strabo.7.3.2]
1350 BC | Paphlagon (or Paphlagonus), son of Phineus, emigrated from Salmydessus to Cytorum in Paphlagonia. [Eustath.ad.Hom.Il.2.851, StephByz.P513.5]
1350 BC | Cytissorus founded Sinope to the east of Cytorus. [Estimated from Strabo.12.3.10]
1350 BC | Sinope married Cytissorus and emigrated to Sinope on the southern coast of the Black Sea. [Estimated from Diod.4.72.2, DionyGuide.77, Plut.Lucu.23]
** Cytissorus likely brought along Sinope and other immigrants and founded a town.
1350 BC | Aras founded a town (later known as Phlius). [Paus.2.14.1]
1349 BC | Acrisius, having no heir, brought back to Argos Perseus, the son of Danae, who was living in Egypt. [Estimated from Plut.Mor.106a]
1348 BC | Proetus invited the Cyclopes from Lycia to strengthen the walls of Tiryns. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.16.5, Paus.2.25.8, Strabo.8.6.11]
** The Cyclopes were seven people who lived in a cave near Nauplia. [Strabo.8.6.2, Strabo.8.6.11]
1345 BC | Amphion and Zethus migrated near Thespiae and founded Eutresis. [Strabo.9.2.28]
1345 BC | Pisus, son of Perieres, migrated from Olenus to the Alpheius River and founded Pisa. [Paus.6.22.2]
1345 BC | Clymenus, son of Cardys, migrated from Cydonia in Crete to Olympia. [Paus. 5.8.1, Strabo. 8.3.30]
** This was approximately 50 years after the Great Flood during the time of Deucalion. [Paus. 5.8.1]
1345 BC | Phineus' sons, Clytius and Polymedes (or Plexippus, Pandion), migrated from Salmydessus to the Tauric Chersonese. [Diod. 4.44.7]
1345 BC | Anax, grandson of Ancaeus, migrated to the area near the Maeander River (later Miletus) and founded Anactoria. [Paus. 7.2.5, Pliny. 5.31.1]
1344 BC | Clymenus, son of Cardys, held the games at Olympia. [Paus.5.8.1]
1344 BC | Endymion, son of Aethlius, banished Clymenus, son of Cardys, from Olympia. [Paus.5.8.1]
** Clymenus was the grandson of the Idaean Heracles. [Newton.156]
** Clymenus likely settled near Mount Ida in the Troad region. [Evidence from Strabo.12.8.21, etc.]
1344 BC | King Anzapahhadu of Arzawa defeated the Hittite army led by Tuthaliya III's general Himuili. [wiki: Anzapahhadu]
1344 BC | King Anzapahhadu of Arzawa fought against the Hittite army led by Suppiluliuma I and was annihilated. [wiki: Anzapahhadu]
1343 BC | Perseus killed his grandfather's brother Proetus. [Hyginus.244]
1343 BC | Perseus fled to the island of Seriphus, where he was sheltered by Dictys and his wife Clymene. [Apo.2.4.1, Hyginus.63]
** Dictys and his wife Clymene were Perseus's saviors, and there are altars dedicated to them in Athens. Clymene is thought to have had a connection to Athens. [Paus.2.18.1]
** One theory holds that Polydectes and Dictys were the sons of Magnes. [Apo.1.9.6, Hesiod.CW.F3]
** Dictys, son of Magnes, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen.
** Perseus, son of Philumnus, son of Metanastes, son of Archander, son of Achaeus, son of Xuthus, son of Hellen.
** One theory states that Polydectes and Dictys were the sons of Peristhenes. [FGrH.Nr333.F4]
** Dictys was the son of Peristhenes, the son of Damastor, the son of Nauplius, the son of Amymone, the daughter of Danaus.
** Perseus was the son of Danae, the daughter of Acrisius, the son of Abas, the son of Hypermnestra, the daughter of Danaus.
** Both theories mention the names of the brothers Polydectes and Dictys, but do not specify their relationship to Seriphus.
** In the former theory, their relationship to Perseus is weak, and the island of Seriphus is far from Magnesia in Thessaly.
** In the latter theory, Abas and his cousin Nauplius lived in nearby towns and are likely related. Nauplia is also close to Seriphus.
** Therefore, the brothers Polydectes and Dictys of Seriphus are thought to be the great-grandsons of Nauplius, son of Amymone, daughter of Danaus.
** Seriphus is thought to have been a supply base on the sea route connecting Argos with Crete and Egypt.
** Even before the Dictys brothers settled there, Seriphus was likely used for fishing and trade by the inhabitants of Nauplia near Tiryns, founded by Nauplius, son of Amymone, daughter of Danaus. Nauplius's father arrived with Danaus. [Paus.4.35.2]
1342 BC | Perseus married Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus of Ethiopia. [Apo.2.4.3]
** Tantalus, who lived in Adrasteia, and Perseus, who lived in Ethiopia (part of Adrasteia), are thought to have known each other.
** The later marriages between Perseus' sons and the daughters of Pelops, son of Tantalus, are thought to have been a result of this connection.
1341 BC | Danae was blown away by a strong wind while leading a colony from Egypt to the island of Sardinia and was washed ashore on the western coast of the Italian peninsula. [Virg. Aene. 7.409]
** Sardus, son of Maceris, led colonies to Sardinia from Egypt in 1390 BC | and Aristaeus, son of Archander, led colonies to Sardinia in 1372 BC.
** In the 12th year of the reign of Akhenaten [c. 1353–1336 or 1351–1334 BC], the 10th pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, a plague ravaged the island. [wiki: Akhenaten]
1341 BC | Danae founded Ardea, 30 km southeast of Rome. [Pliny.3.56, Virg.Aene.7.409, Solinus.2.5]
** Danae's colonies likely included Achaeans and Pelasgians who had migrated from Argos to Egypt.
1341 BC | Tantalus married Eurythemiste, daughter of Tros of Troy. [FGrH.Nr333.F40, estimated from Euri.Scho.Or.11.1]
** An archaic commentary on Euripides' "Orestes" states that Xanthus was the father of Eurythemiste, mother of Pelops.
** Xanthus is the ancient name of Scamander, which flows near Ilium, and means river god. It is thought to have been Tros, king of Troy at the time.
1341 BC | Perses was born as the eldest son of Perseus and Andromeda.
Electryon was born in 1340 BC as the son of Perseus and Andromeda.
1340 BC | Faunus, son of Aethex, along with the Aborigines, drove the Umbrians out of Croton, north of Lake Trasimene. [Antiq.1.20.4, Ita.5.1]
** Arnus, son of Faunus, was a descendant of the Pelasgians who migrated from Thessaly. [Herod.1.57]
1340 BC | Aspledon, son of Orchomenus, founded Midea, named after his mother, about 10 km southwest of Orchomenus. [Paus.9.39.1]
** Aspledon's relocation is thought to have been due to a war with the Hyantes.
1340 BC | Lesbos, son of Lapithes, led a colony from Thessaly to Lesbos and married Methyma, daughter of Macareus. [Diod. 5.81.6]
1340 BC | Macareus of Lesbos emigrated his son Neandrus to the island of Cos. [Diod. 5.81.8]
1340 BC | Macareus of Lesbos emigrated his son Leucippus to Rhodes. [Diod. 5.81.8]
1340 BC | Hippocoon founded Pylus (Phyllus [Strabo. 9.5.14]) near Crannon. [Estimated from Apo. 1.9.11]
** Hippocoon is thought to be the son of Hellen, son of Pronous, son of Deucalion.
1340 BC | Iocastus (or Jocastus), son of Aeolus, son of Melanippe, founded Rhegium. [TzeAdLyco.46, Heraclides.55]
1340 BC | Agathyrnus, son of Aeolus, son of Melanippe, founded Agathyrnus in northern Sicily. [Diod.5.8.2]
1340 BC | two sons of Peristhenes, Dictys and Polydectes, emigrated from Nauplia to the island of Seriphus. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr333.F4]
1340 BC | Amphissus, son of Andraemon, emigrated from Amphissa to the vicinity of Mount Oeta and founded Oeta. [Antoninus.32]
** The Dryopians, who lived near the Spercheius River, participated in the construction of Oeta.
Acrisius died in Argos in 1339 BC and was buried in Larisa, the acropolis of Argos. [Cleme.Exho.3]
** The oldest of the Larisas was Larisa of Argos, which was the acropolis of Argos. [FGrH.Nr4.F91]
1339 BC | Megapenthes, son of Proetus, moved from Tiryns to Argos.
** Megapenthes was a direct descendant of Abas, and was likely more welcomed by the Argos residents than Perseus, a descendant of the latter.
** It is likely that residents of Tiryns and other areas migrated to Argos along with Megapenthes.
1338 BC | Laius, the son of Labdacus, was born in Thebes. [Apo.3.5.5]
1338 BC | Salmoneus' daughter, Tyro, married Hippocoon, who lived in Pylus near Arne in Thessaly. [Apo.1.9.11, Hyginus.10]
** Salmoneus likely lived across the Enipeus River from Pylus.
** Tyro fell in love with the river god Enipeus (Hippocoon). [Apo.1.9.8, Home.Od.11.235, Strabo.8.3.32]
1337 BC | Labdacus died in Thebes. [Apo.3.5.5]
** Labdacus was murdered by mad women because he shared the same views as his paternal cousin, Pentheus. [Apo.3.5.5]
1337 BC | Laius, son of Labdacus, was one year old, so his grandfather Nycteus' brother Lycus became his guardian for the second time. [Apo.3.5.5, Paus.9.5.6]
1336 BC | Asterios' daughter Perseis married the son of Phineus, a resident of Tauric Chersonese. [Apo.3.1.2, Diod.4.44.7]
1335 BC | Salmoneus emigrated from Thessaly to Eleia and founded Salmone. [Strabo.8.3.32, Apo.1.9.7]
** Salmoneus emigrated to Elis, which had been founded by his half-brother Aethlius.
1335 BC | Andraemon's son Amphissus founded Oeta near Mount Oeta. [Antoninus.32]
1335 BC | Anax founded Anactoria near the mouth of the Maeander River. [Paus.7.2.5]
** Anax is believed to have been the son of the son of Ancaeus, king of Leleges. [Inferred from his residence in Miletus]
1335 BC | Cytissorus founded Sinope east of Cytissorus. [Inferred from Strabo.12.3.10]
1335 BC | Oenomaus, son of Harpina, married Evarete, daughter of Acrisius. [Hyginus.84]
1335 BC | Dius, son of Pandorus, migrated northwest from Chalcis in Euboea and founded Dion (Dium, Dios). [wiki:Dius, SchoOnHomeIl.2.538]
1335 BC | Zethus, son of Antiope, married Thebe, daughter of Physcius, from Locris. [Apo.3.5.6]
1332 BC | Perseus returned to Peloponnesus and occupied Tiryns.
1332 BC | Amphion, son of Antiope, married Niobe, daughter of Tantalus. [Apo.3.5.6, Paus.9.5.7]
** The meeting place is thought to have been the sanctuary of Cabeiri, about 5 km west of Thebes. About 7 km southwest of there was Eutresis, where Amphion lived.
** The Cabeiri cult, which spread from Samothrace to Greece, also included the Cybele cult espoused by Niobe's ancestors.
** Broteas, son of Tantalus, created the oldest statue of the Mother of the Gods. [Paus.3.22.4]
** Tantalus lived in Paphlagonia. [Diod.4.74.1]
1332 BC | Daeira, daughter of Benthesicyme of Ethiopia, was married to Eumolpus, son of Chione, who lived in Thracia. [Apo.3.15.4, Euseb.Pra.2.6]
1332 BC | Oeoclus, son of Ascra, founded Ascra, together with Otus and Ephialtes, near the source of the Asopus River in Boeotia. [Paus.9.29.1]
** Otus and Ephialtes, sons of Aloeus of Sicyon, likely collaborated in the founding of Ascra because of the following relationship between them:
** Ascra was the daughter of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, and her husband was Haliartus, son of Thersander, son of Sisyphus. This likely resulted in a marriage between cousins.
** The sons of Oeoclus, son of Ascra, and Aloeus were likely cousins, sharing Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, as their common grandfather.
1332 BC | Thebe, daughter of Physcius, married Zethus, son of Eleuther, who lived in Eutresis in Boeotia. [Apo.3.5.6, Paus.9.8.4]
1331 BC | Periphas, son of Lapithes, married Astyagia, daughter of Hypseus, son of Peneius, and had eight sons. [Diod.4.69.3]
1330 BC | Ilus married the daughter of King Wilusa. [wiki: Kukunni (Ukrainian, Russian)]
** Kukkunni (Ilus's father-in-law) was an ancestor of Alaksandu (Laomedon), likely through the female line. [wiki: Kukunni (Ukrainian, Russian)]
1330 BC | Pisus, son of Perieres, married Telegone, daughter of Pharis, from Pharae near Olenus. [Mentioned in Greek River Gods]
1330 BC | Oenomaus, son of Alxion, migrated from Heraea in Arcadia to Eleia and founded Harpina. [Paus.6.21.8]
1330 BC | the brothers Phrixus and Makistus, descendants of Caucon, son of Lycaon, founded Phrixa and Makistos in southern Eleia. [StephByz.M428.11]
1330 BC | Glaphyrus, son of Magnes, son of Aeolus, founded Glaphyrae near Lake Boebeis in Thessaly. [StephByz.G209.3]
1330 BC | Perseus founded Mycenae and surrounded it with fortified walls. [Paus.2.15.4, Paus.7.25.6]
** Perseus also founded Midea. [TzeAdLyco.838]
** Perseus also surrounded Midea with fortifications. [Apo.2.4.5]
1330 BC | Thracians from Naxos (Strongyle) attacked Euboea but were repelled. [Diod.5.50.4]
** Euboea is believed to be Hyria, not an island. Later, Aloeus' wife and daughter were abducted from nearby Anthedon. [Diod.5.50.6]
1330 BC | Thracians from Naxos attacked Drius (location unknown) in Thessay. [Diod.5.50.4]
1330 BC | Iphimedeia, wife of Aloeus of Anthedon in Boeotia, and her daughter Pancratis were abducted by the Thracians and taken to the island of Naxos. [Diod.5.50.6]
** There is a legend that Aloeus founded Alus in Aitolia, but this is likely a fiction. [Hesiod.CW.F6]
** The tombs of Aloeus' sons, Otus and Ephialtes, were located in Anthedon. [Paus.9.22.6]
1330 BC | Otus and Ephialtes defeated the Thracians of Naxos. [Diod.5.50.6]
** They changed the name of the island, formerly called Strongyle, to Dia. [Diod.5.51.2, Pliny.4.67]
** The island's name is thought to have been taken from Dia (Hebe, daughter of the goddess Hera, worshipped in Argos), who was highly revered in Philus and Sicyon. [Strabo.8.6.24]
** The island of Naxos was called Dionysias because of its abundant vineyards. [Pliny.4.67]
1329 BC | Endymion held the games at Olympia. [Paus.5.1.4]
1328 BC | Otus and Ephialtes identified the Muses as three goddesses: Melete (Practice), Mneme (Memory), and Aoede (Song). [Paus.9.29.2]
1327 BC | Ilus succeeded Wilusa to the throne. [wiki: Kukunni (Ukrainian, Russian)]
** Ilus is believed to have married the daughter of King Wilusa, a Hittite vassal state. If he had usurped the throne by force, it is likely that he would have fought against the Hittites.
** Ilus's succession to the throne of Wilusa was peaceful, and he likely lived among the inhabitants of Wilusa.
** Wilusa and the Hittites had been on friendly terms since the time of Hattusili I (1650-20 BC). [wiki: Alaksandu]
** Kukunni of Wilusa did not participate in Arzawa's rebellion against Suppiluliuma I (1344-22 BC).
1326 BC | Aetolus, son of Endymion, married Pronoe (or Astynome), daughter of Phorbas. [Apo.1.7.7]
** This was during the time when Phorbas lived in Thessaly. They were kin, sharing a common ancestor, Aeolus, son of Hippotes.
1326 BC | Zethus and Amphion attacked Thebes, but were repelled by Lycus and fled to Locris. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr333.F170 and Paus.9.5.6]
** Zethus and Amphion lived in Eutresis, near Thespiae. [Strabo.9.2.28]
** In Locris lived Physcius, father of Zethus' wife, Thebe. [Apo.3.5.6]
1325 BC | Zethus and Amphion gathered an army, attacked Thebes, and engaged Lycus in battle. [Diod.19.53, Paus.9.5.6]
1325 BC | Lycus was murdered by Zethus and Amphion. [Apo.3.5.5]
** Lycus was in his 20th year of wardship. 1st-8th years (1365-57 BC), 2nd-12th years (1337-25 BC)
** Locrus, a brother of Thebes, joined forces with his brother-in-law, Zethus. [FGrH.Nr333.F170]
** Itonus, the son of Boeotus, who lived in Arne in Thessaly, likely also joined the cause.
** Itonus was the son of Boeotus, the son of Melanippe, wife of Itonus, the brother of Aetolus, the father of Locrus's father, Physcius. Itonus was Locrus' second cousin.
** Participation in this battle likely led to Boeotus' son Itonus' migration to Boeotia. [Diod.19.53, Strabo.7.7.2]
** Amphion banished Laius from Thebes. [Apo.3.5.5] Laius secretly fled Thebes. [Paus.9.5.6]
** However, Laius later fled to Pelops, so there was no hostility between him and Amphion, the husband of Pelops' sister Niobe.
** Laius remained in Thebes, and Amphion presumably became his guardian.
** Laius was the son of Labdacus, the son of Nycteis, the sister of Amphion's mother, Antiope. In other words, Laius was the son of Amphion's maternal cousin. [Aelian.13.5, Athen.603a, Plut.Mor.313e]
** Amphion was the son of Antiope, sister of Nycteis, mother of Labdacus, father of Laius.
1325 BC | Itonus, son of Boeotus of Arne, emigrated to Boeotia. [Diod.19.53, Strabo.7.7.2]
** Itonus's settlement is thought to have first been in Arne, submerged in Lake Copais, and then moved to nearby Coroneia.
** Itonian Athena was located near Arne in Thessaly and around Coroneia in Boeotia. [Strabo.9.5.17, Paus.3.9.13, Paus.9.34.1, Paus.9.34.5, Strabo.9.2.29]
** Leleges also migrated from Locris to Boeotia. [Strabo.7.7.2]
1325 BC | Tenerus, son of Melia, established an oracle on Mount Ptous. [Paus.9.26.1, Strabo.9.2.34]
** The oracle on Mount Ptous continued until Alexander the Great destroyed Thebes in 335 BC. [Leake N.2.279]
1325 BC | Phylacus, son of Deion, migrated from Phocis to Thessaly and founded Phylace northwest of the Pagasetic Gulf. [Apo.1.9.12]
1325 BC | Tantalus was chased by Ilus and emigrated to Mount Sipylus in Lydia. [Diod.4.74.4]
** Tantalus is likely the son of Clymenus, son of Cardys, who was banished from Olympia by Endymion of Elis. [Paus.5.8.1]
** Tantalus's territory was given to Adrastus and became known as Adrasteia. [Strabo.13.1.13]
** Adrastus was the father of Ilus' wife, Eurydice. [Apo.3.12.3, FGH.Nr4.F24c]
** Tantalus fled to Pessinus, near the source of the Sangarius River in Phrygia. [Diod.10.Fr.Incerta.3]
** Pessinus was approximately 370 km from Mount Ida. It was said that it took Tantalus 10 days' journey to sow seeds within his territory. [Strabo.12.8.21]
** Tantalus likely ruled as far as Pessinus near Gordium.
1325 BC | Perseus founded Midea. [TzeAdLyco.838]
** Perseus also built a wall around Midea. [Apo.2.4.5]
** Later, Perseus' son Electryon named the city Midea after his wife. [Apo.2.4.5]
1324 BC | Amphion and Zethus founded a walled city below Cadmeia. [Home.Od.11.253, Paus.9.5.7]
** The walls were built to protect the city from the oppressive Phlegyes who lived nearby. [FGrH.Nr333.F41]
** The seven gates were named after Amphion's daughters: Thera, Cleodoxe, Astynome, Astycratia, Chias, Ogygia, and Chloris. [Hyginus.69]
** Originally, there were 12 gates. [MalaChro.2.49]
1324 BC | Amphion and Zethus named the city they founded below Cadmeia Thebes. [Paus.9.5.6]
** Cadmeia came to be called Thebes after Zethus' wife, Thebe. [Paus.2.5.2]
** Thebes was named after the father of Amphion and Zethus. [MalaChro.2.49]
1324 BC | Epeius, son of Endymion, held the games at Olympia. [Euseb.Chron.191]
1323 BC | Muwa-Walwis, king of the Seha River Land, died and was succeeded by Manapa-Tarhunta. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
** Manapa-Tarhunta was Muwa-Walwis' son. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
** Muwa-Walwis's sons exiled Manapa-Tarhunta. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
** Manapa-Tarhunta fled to Karkiya (Caria). [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
1322 BC | Mursili II sent a letter to Karkiya requesting that Manapa-Tarhunta be accepted as exile. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
** Likely occurred before Mursili II (1321-1295 BC) ascended to the throne.
1322 BC | the inhabitants of Seha rebelled and recalled Manapa-Tarhunta from Karkiya. [wiki: Manapa-Tarhunta]
1322 BC | Tantalus (Uhha-Ziti) expelled Maskhuiluwa, who had succeeded Tarhuntaraddu, king of Arzawa. [wiki: Maskhuiluwa]
** Maskhuiluwa fled to the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I [1344-22 BC] and married his daughter Muwatti. [wiki: Maskhuiluwa]
** Both Suppiluliuma I and Arnuwanda II died of plague, and were likely unable to immediately raise an army against Arzawa.
** Uhha-Ziti also persuaded Manapa-Tarhunta of Seha to join the rebellion. [wiki: Manapa-Tarhunta]
1322 BC | Zethus died of grief after his son Neis was killed by Thebes' negligence. [Paus.9.5.9]
1322 BC | Perseus sent his son Electryon to Ethiopia to reinforce Perses. [Estimated]
** Electryon later married the Phrygian Midea and had many sons. [Apo.2.4.5]
1321 BC | Epopeus died. His son Marathon returned to Sicyon from Attica. [Paus.2.1.1]
** Marathon gave Asopia (later Sicyon) to Sicyon and Ephyraea (later Corinth) to Corinthus. [Paus.2.1.1]
1321 BC | Arnuwanda II (1322-21 BC) died and was succeeded by Mursili II (1321-1295 BC). [wiki: Manapa-Tarhunta]
1320 BC | Ilus, son of Tros, advanced into Mysia of Olympene, fighting against Byzos of Bebryces and expanding his power. [Photios.186.12, Strabo.12.3.3, 14.5.23, Plin.5.127]
1320 BC | Phorbas, son of Lapithes (or Lapithus), was invited by the inhabitants of Rhodes to migrate from Thessaly to the island. [Diod.5.58.5]
** The invitation to Rhodes was likely made by Leucippus, son of Macareus. He and Phorbas were cousins, their grandfather being Aeolus, son of Hippotes.
1320 BC | Salmoneus banished Aetolus, son of Endymion, from Elis. [Paus.5.1.8, Strabo.8.3.33]
1320 BC | Aetolus migrated from Elis to Aetolia. [Apo.1.7.6]
** Aetolus migrated to the "Curetian country," later known as Pleuron. [Apo.1.7.6, Strabo.10.2.5]
** Aetolus migrated to the land at the foot of Mount Curium, between the Achelous and Euenus rivers.
** Aetolus was the first Greek to inhabit Aetolia. He became the eponym of the Aetolians. [Paus.5.1.8, Strabo.8.3.33, Strabo.10.3.4]
1320 BC | Paeon, son of Endymion, migrated to Paeonia. [Paus.5.1.5]
** Like Aetolus, Paeon was likely driven out of Elis by Salmoneus.
1320 BC | Amphion's family perished due to a plague. [Apo.3.5.6, Paus.9.5.9]
** Amphion's son Amyclas and daughter Meliboea (Chloris) were spared. [Apo.3.5.6]
** Chloris had many siblings, and she was the eldest. [Apo.3.5.6]
** Chloris was unmarried at the time of Pelops' marriage. [Paus.5.16.4]
1320 BC | Laius, son of Labdacus, became king of Thebes. [Paus.9.5.10]
1320 BC | Cecrops, son of Erechtheus, emigrated to Euboea. [Paus.1.5.3]
** When a ruler is suddenly "emigrated," it sometimes means that he was "exiled."
** The migration of Abas, son of Lynceus, from Argos to Phocis. [Paus.10.35.1]
** Abas, son of Melampus, migrated from Argos to Thessaly. [Strabo.9.5.5]
** 1360 BC | Pandorus, brother of Cecrops, traveled to Euboea and founded Chalcis. [Ps-Scym.566]
1320 BC | Cychreus and Scyrius (or Sciron, Chiron, Scirus), likely brothers of Pandion, also emigrated to the islands of Salamis and Scyros, respectively. [Estimated]
** Pandion emigrated to Scyros with Scyrius (or Sciron, Chiron, Scirus). [Estimated]
1320 BC | Acrias, son of Amyclas, founded Acriae on the coast of Laconia. [Paus.6.21.10]
1320 BC | Linus, the son of Amphimarus and Ourania, was born in Thebes. [Diogenes.1.3, Suda.la.568]
1320 BC | Electryon and Midea had a son, Celaeneus (Piyama-Radu). [Apo.2.4.5]
1320 BC | Hippomenes, son of Haliartus, migrated southeast from Haliartus and founded Onchestus. [Hesiod.CW.F28]
1320 BC | Methon, son of Magnes, migrated from near Mount Olympus to the northwestern shore of the Thermaic Gulf and founded Methone. [Plut.QuestGr.11]
1319 BC | Pandion adopted Aegeus, the son of Scyrius. [Apo.3.15.5]
1319 BC | Melampus was born in Pylus, Thessaly, the son of Amythaon and Aglaia. [Apo.1.9.11, Diod.4.68.3]
** Given Melampus's prophetic powers and the fact that all of his brothers had wives from Boeotia, Aglaia is likely the daughter of Tenerus of Boeotia.
1319 BC | the armies of Attarimma, Huwarsanassa, and Suruda fled to Arzawa, and Mursili II demanded their surrender from Uhha-Ziti. [CTH 61 I, B ii: 29]
1319 BC | Mursili II marched to Apasas, where Uhha-Ziti was located, and defeated Piyama-Kurundas. [CTH 61 I, A ii: 15]
** The battle took place at Walma near the Astapa River (presumably the Meander River). [CTH 61 I, A ii: 15]
** Year 3 of Mursili II's reign (1321-1295 BC) [wiki:Astarpa River]
1319 BC | as Mursili II approached Apasas, Uhha-Ziti, who was ill, chose to leave the battlefield and cross over to the islands. [CTH 61 I, A ii: 15]
** Those who did not cross over were taken prisoner and sent to Hattusas. 15,500 people. [CTH 61 I, A ii: 33]
** They barricaded themselves in Mount Arinnandas, but Mursili II surrounded and starved them out. [CTH 61, II.2B iii: 27]
1319 BC | Mursili II retreated to the Astapa River for winter quarters. [CTH 61 I, A ii: 46, CTH 61, II.2A iii: 23]
1319 BC | Tantalus allied with King Ahhiuwa of Miletus. [CTH 61 II, 2B i: 23]
1319 BC | Alector (or Alexinus) held the games at Olympia. [Euseb.Chron.191]
** Alexinus is believed to be Alector, son of Salmoneus of Elis. [Diod.4.69.2]
1318 BC | Pandion, son of Cecrops, emigrated to Megara and married Pylia, daughter of Pylas. [Apo.3.15.5, Paus.1.5.3]
1318 BC | Hittite king Mursili II ordered Mala-Ziti and Gulla to attack Miletus, which sided with Uhha-Ziti. [CTH 61 II, 2B i: 23]
** Miletus was captured, and its inhabitants, along with their cattle and sheep, were exiled to Hattusas. [CTH 61 II, 2B i: 23]
** Asterius, son of Miletus's king Anax, was buried on an island near Lade, which lies in front of Miletus. [Paus.1.35.6]
** Cleochus' daughter Aria fled to the island of Crete, where Miletus was born. [Estimated from Apollo.3.1.2]
1318 BC | Uhha-Ziti's son, Piyama-Kurunta, attacked Mashuiluwas of Mira, who was stationed in Impa, but was repelled. [CTH 61 II, 2B i: 23]
1318 BC | Piyama-Kurunta traveled from Apasas (Ephesus) to the island where Tantalus and Pelops had taken refuge (presumably Samos). [wiki: Piyama-Kurunta]
** At the time, Samos had approximately 1,000 slaves. [Apollo.1.185, Heraclides.30, Strabo.14.1.3]
1318 BC | Uhha-Ziti died of illness. [CTH 61, II.2A iii: 23, CTH 61, I. A ii: 50]
1318 BC | Tapalazunauli returned from the island to the mainland and entered Purandas, where the people were holed up. [CTH 61, I. A ii: 50]
1318 BC | Mursili II marched to Purandas and defeated Tapalazunauli, who had emerged from Purandas. [CTH 61, I. A ii: 57]
** Ilus of Ilium also participated in the attack. [Paus.2.22.3]
** According to Hittite documents, at the time, the Hittites and Wilusa (Troy) were allied in a war against Arzawa (Maeonia). [wiki: Wilusa, Arzawa]
** Tapalazunauli escaped Purandas when besieged, but his wife and sons were taken prisoner. [CTH 61, I. A ii: 71]
** Purandas fell, and 16,00 people were taken prisoner and sent to Hattusas. [CTH 61, I. A ii: 79]
** Piyama-Kurunta and King Ahhiuwa, who were on the island, were taken prisoner along with those who had fled to the island and sent to Hattusa. [CTH 61, I. A iii: 1]
** King Ahhiuwa is believed to be Cleochus, who fled Miletus.
** Cleochus's remains were later buried in Didymaeum near Miletus. [Cleme.Exho.3]
1318 BC | Mursili II visited Manapa-Tarhundas in Seha, pardoned him for his actions, and granted him a free territory. [CTH 61, I. A iii: 13]
** 4,000 exiles who had fled to Seha were sent to Hattusas. [CTH 61, I. A iii: 13]
** Mursili II conquered Arzawa in two years. 66,000 exiles were sent to Hattusas. [CTH 61, I. A iii: 26]
1318 BC | Mursili II made Mashuiluwas ruler of Mira. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 34]
1318 BC | Polemon's son, Naxos, emigrated to the island of Dia and renamed it Naxos. [Diod. 5.51.3]
1318 BC | Salmoneus' daughter, Tyro, remarried her uncle, Cretheus, who lived in Iolcus. [Hyginus.13]
1317 BC | Minyas' daughter, Clymene, was married to Phylacus, who lived in Phylace, Thessaly. [Apollo.1.45, Hesiod.CW.F84, Hyginus.14]
1315 BC | Oenomaus emigrated from Harpina to Pisa. [Paus.5.1.6]
** Oenomaus, who lived in Harpina, attacked Pisus, the son of Perieres, who lived in Pisa, just west of Harpina. Pisus is presumed to have been killed.
** Pisus' wife, Telegone, is presumed to have emigrated to Pharae in Messenia, founded by her father, Pharis.
** Elis, which at the time ruled Olympia, was a city descended from Perieres' brother, Aethlius, and Oenomaus also seized Olympia. [Paus.5.1.7]
1315 BC | a second Minos was born. [Diod.4.60.3]
1315 BC | Pelops emigrated from Samos to Peloponnesus. [Paus.2.22.3]
** Pelops' son, Chrysippus, was born before he arrived in Greece, suggesting he spent about three years in Asia Minor after the battle. [Hyginus.85, Plut.Mor.313e]
** Pelops emigrated from Lydia to Peloponnesus after being attacked by Ilus in Ilium. [Paus.2.22.3]
** According to Hittite documents, the Hittites and Wilusa (Troy) were allied against Arzawa (Maeonia) at the time. [wiki:Wilusa, Arzawa]
** Pelops's residence was likely also in Maeonia, and it is assumed that he emigrated overseas after being attacked by the combined forces of Hittite and Wilusa.
** Pelops's landing in the Peloponnesus is believed to have been near the mouth of the Eurotas River in the Gulf of Laconia.
** Acrias, founder of Acriae near the mouth of the Eurotas River, was killed by Oenomaus. [Paus.6.21.10]
** Acrias is believed to be the son of Amyclas, who migrated south from Sparta and founded Amyclae.
** Acriae was home to the oldest statue of the Mother of the Gods on the Peloponnesian Peninsula. [Paus.3.22.4]
** Pelops's real name was Peloponnesus. [StephByz.P515.2]
** Pelops came from Asia to the impoverished Greece with great wealth and used it to expand his influence. [Thucy.1.9]
** The wealth of the descendants of Tantalus and Pelops came from the mineral deposits of Prygia and the Sipylus Mountains. [Strabo.14.5.28]
1315 BC | Pelops married Hippodamia, daughter of Oenomaus of Pisa. [Paus.5.16.4]
** Pelops killed Oenomaus with a spear. [Eur. IT.826]
** There is a story of a chariot race from Pisa to the Isthmus of Corinth, a distance too far for horses to race. [Apo.E.2.5]
** Chloris, daughter of Amphion and Niobe, won the foot race at the wedding feast of Pelops and Hippodamia. [Paus.5.16.4]
1315 BC | Emathion, son of Macedon, son of Aeolus, founded Emathia. [Strabo.7.8.2]
1315 BC | Eumolpus, son of Chione, emigrated from Thracia to Eleusis to inherit the cult. [This is presumed because Eumolpus's descendants were priests in Eleusis.]
** The tomb of Eumolpus, son of Chione, was located in Eleusis. [Paus.1.38.2]
1314 BC | Oenomaus held the Olympic Games at Olympia. [Euseb.Chron.191]
** Oenomaus likely took Pelops as his son-in-law to Pisa.
1312 BC | Pandion returned to Athens from Megara and became king of Athens. [Estimated from Euseb.Chron.185]
1312 BC | Mursili's eclipse (24 June 1312 BC) [wiki: Astarpa River]
** 10th year of the reign of Mursili II [wiki:Mursili's eclipse]
1312 BC | Perses, son of Perseus, was pressured by Troy and requested reinforcements from Perseus of Mycenae. [Estimated]
1310 BC | Dyspontus, son of Oenomaus of Pisa, founded Dyspontium on the road from Olympia to Elis, near the sea. [Paus.6.22.4]
1310 BC | Melaneus, son of Periphas, founded Oechalia near Tricca. [Estimated from Strabo.10.1.10]
1310 BC | Perieres, son of Aeolus, emigrated from Thessaly to Andania in Messenia, in response to a request from the Andania region, which had lost its heir. [Paus.4.2.2]
** Perieres, who was single, was likely chosen from among the leading figures of Aeolis in Thessaly.
** Along with Perieres, many Lapiths likely migrated from Thessaly to Andania.
1310 BC | Perseus was killed by Megapenthes, son of Proetus. [Hyginus.244]
** After this, Argos and Mycenae became estranged.
** Mycenae agreed to send reinforcements for the attack on Thebes, but ultimately did not. It is believed they never requested reinforcements in the first place.
** Argos is listed in the attack on Troy, but no casualties were reported, suggesting it was a passive participant.
1310 BC | Sthenelus, son of Perseus, succeeded Mycenae. [Strabo.8.6.19]
1310 BC | Megapenthes murdered Lynceus of Abae in Phocis. [Hyginus.244]
1310 BC | Abas, son of Lynceus of Abae in Phocis, murdered Megapenthes. [Hyginus.244]
** After Acrisius' death, Megapenthes ruled Argos, and there appears to have been conflict with the colony of Abae.
1310 BC | Megapenthes' son, Argeus, became king of Argos. [Paus.2.18.4]
1310 BC | Abas, son of Lynceus, migrated from Abae in Phocis to Chalcis in Euboea. [Hyginus.244, Strabo.10.1.3]
1310 BC | Ornytus, likely Lynceus' son, migrated from Abae to northwest Phocis and founded Naubolenses (later Drymaea). [Paus.10.33.12]
1310 BC | Crius, likely Lynceus' son, migrated from Abae to Euboea. [Paus.10.6.6]
1310 BC | Hyantes migrated near Abae in Phocis and founded Hyampolis. [Paus.10.35.5]
** Hyantes' migration is thought to have been a result of a war with Minyas.
1310 BC | Pierus, son of Magnes, son of Aeolus, founded Pieria on the north side of Mount Olympus. [Tzetzes.6.930]
** Aeropus, son of Hemathion (or Emathion), was the first to rule Pieria. [Tzetzes.6.930]
1310 BC | Ismarus, son of Eumolpus, son of Chione, founded Ismarus near the sea between the Hebrus and Nestus rivers in Thracia. [Estimated from Ps-Scym.646]
1308 BC | Laius, son of Labdacus, married Jocasta, daughter of Menoeceus. [Paus.9.5.10]
1307 BC | Perieres, son of Aeolus, married Gorgophone, daughter of Perseus of Mycenae. [Apo.1.9.5, Paus.4.2.4]
** This marriage is likely a result of Andania and Mycenae being Achaean cities.
1306 BC | Phorbas, son of Lapithes, was summoned by King Alector of Elis, who feared Pelops, and entrusted him with the reign of Olenus. [Diod.4.69.2]
** <<Why Alector is believed to be Salmoneus' son. >>
** Salmoneus banished Aetolus, son of Endymion of Elis. [Paus.5.1.8, Strabo.8.3.33]
** Aetolus was succeeded by Eleius, son of Aetolus's sister, Eurycyda. [Paus.5.1.8]
** Eleius was the son of the granddaughter of Salmoneus's half-brother Aethlius. [Apo.1.7.3]
** King Alector of Elis, who does not appear in Pausanias' genealogy, entrusted Olenus to Phorbas. [Diod.4.69.2]
** Phorbas was the son of Salmoneus' half-brother Lapithes. [Diod.5.81.6]
** Alexinus, who organized the Olympic Games after Oenomaus, is likely to be the same person as Alector. [Euseb.Chron.191]
** From the above, the following can be inferred:
** Alector was the son of Salmoneus, the husband of Eurycyda, and the father of Eleius.
** Salmoneus exiled King Aetolus of Elis, and his grandson Eleius became king of Elis. Due to his youth, Eleius's father, Alector, became his guardian.
** Later, as Pelops of Pisa rose to power, Alector, alarmed, entrusted his cousin Phorbas with Olenus, then a territory in Elis.
1305 BC | Melaneus, likely Aeolus' son, founded Oechalia near Andania. [Paus.4.2.2]
** Melaneus likely emigrated to Messenia at the request of his brother, Perieres.
1305 BC | Europus, son of Macedon, son of Aeolus, founded Europus, a little north of Pella. [StephByz.E287.14]
** Europus's mother was Oreithyia, daughter of Cecrops. [StephByz.E287.14]
1305 BC | Beres, son of Macedon, founded Beris in Macedonia. [StephByz.B164.23]
1305 BC | Cyparissus, son of Minyas, founded Cyparissus near Delphi. [Paus.10.36.5]
1305 BC | Mashuiluwa rebelled against his brother-in-law, Mursili II, and was captured. [wiki: Mashuiluwa]
1305 BC | Mashuiluwa's adopted son, Kupanta-Kurunta, became king of Mira. [wiki: Mashuiluwa]
1305 BC | Chariclo, daughter of Cychreus, was married from the island of Salamis to Scyrus, son of Cecrops, who lived on the island of Scyros. [Plut.These.10]
1305 BC | Amphitryon was born to Alcaeus, king of Tiryns, and Hipponome. [Apo.2.4.5, Paus.8.14.2, Paus.9.11.1]
1303 BC | Phlias, son of Araethyrea of Phlius, married Chthonophyle, daughter of Sicyon, from Sicyon. [Paus.2.12.6]
1303 BC | Perieres of Andania in Messenia died, leaving two sons, Aphareus and Leucippus. [Estimated]
** This is likely around the time Perieres' wife, Gorgophone, remarried Oebalus of Lacedaemon, giving birth to a daughter, Arene, who married Aphareus.
1303 BC | Cretheus, son of Aeolus, died in Iolcus. [Diod.4.68.3]
1303 BC | Amythaon's daughter, Perimela, married Periphas' son, Antion. [Diod.4.69.3]
1303 BC | Amythaon, accompanied by Neleus, Melampus, and Bias, emigrated to Eleia and founded Pylus. [Apo.1.9.9, Diod.4.68.3, Paus.4.36.1]
** Neleus's migration is said to have been due to a dispute with his brother, Pelias. [Diod.4.68.3]
** However, Pelias and Neleus had a good relationship, as evidenced by the following:
** 1) Pelias and Neleus jointly held the Olympic Games. [Paus.5.8.2]
** 2) The daughter of Bias, who emigrated with Neleus, married Pelias. [Hyginus.14]
** Amythaon, accompanied by her sons, led the migration to Eleia, not Neleus. [Diod.4.68.3]
** Pylus was located on the mountain pass from Elis to Olympia. The Ladon River flows near Pylus, where it joins the Peneius River. [Paus.6.22.5]
** There is also a legend that Pylas, son of Cleson of Megara, founded Pylus in Eleia. [Paus.6.22.5]
** Historically, Pylas was over 78 years old. This is likely a fictionalized version of the name Pylus.
** The name Pylus is likely a direct reference to Pyllus in Thessaly, Amythaon's hometown. [Apo.1.9.11]
1303 BC | Gorgophone, wife of Aeolus' son Perieres, remarried Oebalus of Sparta. [Apo.1.9.5, Paus.4.2.4]
1303 BC | Hippocoon's son Pheres migrated from Phyllus to the vicinity of Iolcus and founded Pherae. [Apo.1.9.14]
1302 BC | Evippe, daughter of Paeon, married Pierus, brother of Methone, who lived in Pieria. [Tzetzes.6.930]
** Pierus was a cousin of Evippe's grandfather, Endymion.
1302 BC | Melampus, son of Amythaon, married Iphianeira, daughter of Megapenthes of Argos. [Apo.2.2.2, Diod.4.68.5]
** Argeus, son of Megapenthes, fearing Mycenae, likely married his sister to the son of Amythaon, who was the leader of Eleia at the time.
1301 BC | Calydon, son of Aetolus, married Aeolia, daughter of Amythaon. [Apo.1.7.7]
** Aethlius, the father of Endymion, the father of Aetolus, was the brother of Salmoneus, the father of Tyro, the mother of Amythaon.
** Thus, Calydon and Aeolia were third cousins.
** Amythaon's grandfather Salmoneus was an enemy of Calydon's father Aetolus, who drove him from Elis.
** Many of the inhabitants of Calydon were descendants of people from Elis.
** Calydon likely sought to oppose his brother Pleuron, who was gaining power with the support of Curetes, through marriage.
1301 BC | Charops, son of Methon, emigrated from Methone in Macedonia to Bisaltia in Thracia. [Estimated from Tzetzes.8.1]
1301 BC | Minyas' daughter, Periclymene, was married to Pheres, who lived in Phera in Thessaly. [Hyginus.14, Tzetzes.2.280]
1300 BC | Aeson, son of Hippocoon, founded Aesonis (or Aeson) near the Pagasetic Gulf. [Apollo.1.411, StephByz.A54.16]
1300 BC | Cynurus, son of Perseus, migrated from Mycenae to near Laconia and founded Cynuria. [Paus.3.2.2]
1300 BC | the Phlegyes, led by Eurymachus, invaded Thebes, plundering and ravaging the city. [FGrH.Nr333.F41]
** The Phlegyes also had a leader named Phorbas, who lived in Panopeus after the Trojan War. [Ovid.Meta.11.410, Philos.2.19]
1300 BC | Creon, the son of Menoeceus, was born in Thebes. [Hyginus.86]
1300 BC | the Maeonians, led by Tyrrhenus, son of Atys, migrated to the west coast of Italy. [Antiq.1.27.2, Herod.1.94, Plut.Romu.2, Strabo.5.2.4]
** The Hittite king Mursili II captured Arzawa, whose capital was Apasa (later Ephesus), and expelled its inhabitants. [wiki: Arzawa]
** Some of the expelled inhabitants fled to the island of Samos, likely reducing the population of Ephesus.
** The island of Samos was home to people who had been enslaved in battle. 1,000 slaves revolted, made peace, and traveled to Ephesus. [Athen.6.267a]
** Herodotus attributes the migration to famine, but it is believed to have been a war with the Hittites. [Herod.1.94]
** The Maeonians, who changed their name to Tyrrhenians, were Pelasgians. [Antiq.1.28.3, Plut.Romu.2, Strabo.5.2.4]
** The languages of the Pelasgians and Tyrrhenians were completely different. [Antiq.1.29.3]
** The Etrurians came from Lydia. [Just.20.1]
1300 BC | Romis repelled the Pelasgians' invasion of Latium. [Plut.Romu.2]
1300 BC | Arnus, son of Faunus, was expelled from the area around Lake Trasimene by the Pelasgians led by Tyrrhenus. [Ita.5.1]
1300 BC | the Pelasgian Maleos was driven by Tyrrhenus from Regis Villa near Rome to Sicily. [Paus.1.28.3, Strabo.5.2.8]
** The Pelasgians lived in Sicily, Acarnania, and Boeotia, before settling in Athens around 1126 BC. [Paus.1.28.3, Diod.19.53, Strabo.9.2.3]
1300 BC | the Pelasgians who had migrated from Thessaly to Italy were expelled by the Maeonians led by Tyrrhenus. [Pliny.3.50, Strabo.5.2.3]
1300 BC | Pellene, son of Phorbas, son of Triopas (Abas), migrated from Argos to Achaia and founded Pellene. [Paus.7.26.12]
1300 BC | Aeetes, son of Perseis, migrated from Tauric Chersonese to the Colchis region and inherited it. [Apo.1.9.1]
1299 BC | Pelops held the games at Olympia. [Paus.5.8.2]
1299 BC | Picus, son of Saturnus, migrated from Testruna to the south of Rome and founded Laurentum. [Euseb.Chron.283]
1299 BC | Phylomache, daughter of Amphion, son of Iasius, married Pelias, son of Cretheus, who lived in Iolcus, from Orchomenus. [Apo.1.9.10]
1298 BC | Bias, son of Amythaon, married Lysippe, daughter of Megapenthes. [Apo.2.2.2]
** Argeus, son of Megapenthes, fearing Mycenae, likely married his sister to the son of Amythaon, who was the leader of Eleia at the time.
1297 BC | Sthenelus, son of Perseus of Mycenae, married Antibia, daughter of Amphidamas. [FGrH.333.68]
1297 BC | Eleius, son of Eurycyda of Elis, married Nausidame, daughter of Amphidamas of Arcadia. [Hyginus.14]
1297 BC | Minos married Pasiphae of Tauric Chersonese. [Apo.1.9.1, Apo.3.1.2, Diod.4.77.1]
1296 BC | Ilus, son of Tros, died and was succeeded by Laomedon (Alaksandu). [Wiki: Inferred from Alaksandu]
** Laomedon likely concluded a treaty with Mursili II (1321-1295 BC) upon his accession to the throne. [wiki: Alaksandu]
1296 BC | Perses' daughter Hecate (or Idyia) was married to Perses' son Aeetes, who lived in the region of Colchis, from Tauric Chersonese. [Diod.4.45.3, Hyginus.25]
** Aeetes was the brother of Hecate's father.
1295 BC | Damasistratus founded Plataea. [Estimated from Apo.3.5.8 and Paus.10.5.4]
** Damasistratus is thought to have been the brother of Chaeresilaus, father of Poemander, founder of Tanagra.
1295 BC | Pandion was driven from Athens by the sons of Metion and went into exile in Megara. [Apo.3.15.5, Paus.1.5.3, Paus.1.39.4]
1295 BC | Scyrius emigrated from the island of Scyros to the island of Salamis to succeed Cychreus. [Estimated from Plut.These.10]
** Scyrius and Cychreus were likely sons of Cecrops, king of Athens. Scyrius' wife was Chariclo, daughter of Cychreus. [Plut.These.10]
1295 BC | Mieza and Beroea were founded in Macedonia. [StephByz.M452.1]
** Mieza and Beroea were the names of the daughters of Beres, son of Macedon, son of Aeolus. [StephByz.M452.1]
1295 BC | Laomedon was banished from Ilium by Phaenodamas (or Hippotes). [Estimated from wiki: Trattato di Alaksandu]
1295 BC | Laomedon <Alaksandu> killed Phaenodamas and became king of Troy. [Antiq.1.52.2, Lycoph.Cassa.1115]
** Phaenodamas' daughters emigrated to Sicily. [Antiq.1.52.2, Lycoph.Cassa.1115]
** Alaksandu was not the legitimate heir. Alaksandu may not have been related to Kukkunni by blood. [wiki: Alaksandu]
** Alaksandu is not necessarily related to Kukkunni by blood. [wiki: Alaksandu]
** Kukkunni is said to be Alaksandu's ancestor, possibly through the female line. [wiki: Kukunni (Ukrainian, Russian)]
** Someone usurped the throne from him, and Alaksandu needed Hittite intervention to remain king. [wiki: Kukunni (Italian)]
** Alaksandu needed Hittite intervention to ascend or remain king. [wiki: Alaksandu (Italian)]
** The legend that Laomedon was the son of Ilus may be fiction. [Diod.4.75.4, Home.20.220]
** Alaksandu made treaties with Mursili II (1321-1295 BC) and Muwatalli II (1295-72 BC). [wiki: Alaksandu]
** The treaty between Alaksandu and Muwatalli II states that Manapa-Kurunta was king of Seha. [wiki: Manapa-Tarhunta]
1295 BC | Minos emigrated from Troid to Crete. [Estimated from Plato.Gor.524a, Plut.Mor.121c, and Suda.mu.1092]
** Minos and Rhadamanthus were born in Asia, not Crete. [Plato.Gor.524a, Plut.Mor.121c, Suda.mu.1092]
** Rhadamanthus is believed to have settled on the island of Chios.
** Minos had contact with Troid and his sons (Ilus and Assaracus). [Suda.mu.1092]
** Minos sided with Assaracus in a battle against Laomedon, but was defeated and is believed to have left the Trood. [Estimated from Suda.mu.1092]
1295 BC | Perseus' son Electryon was driven from Ethiopia and returned to Peloponnesus, where he was entrusted with Midea. [Estimated from Paus.2.25.9]
** At this time, Electryon's son Celaeneus <Piyama-Radu> and several of his brothers likely remained in Asia Minor.
1295 BC | Electryon's son Celaeneus <Piyama-Radu> began a rebellion. [wiki: Piyama-Radu]
** Piyama-Radu's rebellion lasted from Muwatalli II (1295-72 BC) to Tudhaliya IV (1237-09 BC). [wiki: Piyama-Radu]
1295 BC | Piyama-Radu attacked Lazpa (Lesbos), which was under the rule of Seha. [wiki: Manapa-Tarhunta letter]
** Lesbos was colonized by Xanthus, son of Triopas, from Argos in 1560 BC. [Diod.5.81.2]
** 1389 BC | Macareus, son of Aeolus, led a group of immigrants, including Ionians and Pelasgians, to settle on Lesbos. [Diod.5.81.2 - 4]
** During the Trojan War, Helicaon, husband of Laodice, daughter of Priam, lived on Lesbos. [Apo. 3.12.5, Home. Il. 3.121, Paus. 10.26.7]
1295 BC | Picus, son of Saturnus, migrated southeast from Saturnia and founded Laurentum near the coast. [Euseb. 283]
1294 BC | Miletus (Apta), son of Aria, emigrated from Crete to Asia Minor and founded Miletus. [Apo.3.1.2, Paus.7.2.5, Strabo.12.8.5]
** Minos' brother, Sarpedon, also participated in the construction of Miletus from Milatos, Crete. [Strabo.12.8.5]
** At this time, the Carians and Leleges, who had fled to the island, returned to the mainland with the help of Cretans (Miletus, son of Aria). [Strabo.12.8.5]
** The family was called Termilae, after the indigenous people, Solymi. [Herod.1.173]
1294 BC | Amythaon held the Olympic Games. [Paus.5.8.2]
1294 BC | Oedipus was born as the son of Laius and Jocasta. [Diod.4.63.5, Paus.9.5.10]
1293 BC | Ilus, son of Tros, attacked Ethiopia and brought it under Troy's control. [This is presumed to be because the descendants of Laomedon ruled Ethiopia.]
** Ethiopia was given to Adrastus, father of Ilus's wife, Eurydice, and the region came to be called Adrasteia. [Strabo.13.1.13, StephByz.A28.4]
1293 BC | Cercaphus, son of Aeolus, migrated from the Peneus River to Itonus. Cercaphus married Eupolemeia, daughter of the Myrmidon of Phthia. [Apollo. 1.51, Strabo. 9.5.18]
1293 BC | Amythaon's son Bias married Neleus' daughter Pero. [Apo. 1.9.13, Apollo. 1.118]
1293 BC | Perseus' daughter Autochthe married Pelops. [Estimated from TzeAdLyco. 494]
** Autochthe, not Hippodamia, is likely the mother of Atreus and Thyestes.
Amythaon died in 1292 BC.
1292 BC | Melampus and Bias migrated south of Eleia and founded Lepreatic Pylus. [Estimated from Home.Od.15.220 and Strabo.8.6.10]
** Melampus and Bias lived in Pisatis, Triphylia, before migrating to Argos. [Strabo.8.6.10]
** Melampus and Bias migrated from Pylos to Argos. [Herod.9.34]
1291 BC | Aeson married Alcimede, daughter of Phylacus, from Phylace. [Apollo.1.45, Hyginus.14]
1291 BC | Scyrius married Salamis, daughter of Sicyon, from Sicyon. [Apo.3.12.7, Diod.4.72.4, Paus.1.35.2]
** Scyrius and Salamis had a son, Cychreus.
1290 BC | Melampus received one-third of Argos from Anaxagoras, son of Argeus. [Apo. 2.2.2, Diod. 4.68.4, Paus. 2.18.4, Herod. 9.34]
1290 BC | Anaxagoras gave one-third of Argos to Bias. [Paus. 2.18.4]
** Anaxagoras placed Melampus and Bias in Argos to oppose the growing power of Mycenae. [Diod. 4.68.5]
** Melampus and Bias were the husbands of Anaxagoras's aunts, Iphianeira and Lysippe. [Apo.2.2.2, FGrH.333.114, Diod.4.68.5]
** The madness of the woman whom Melampus cured is thought to have been alcoholism [Ovid.Meta.15.307] or constipation [Plin.25.47].
1290 BC | Melaneus of Oechalia in Messenia had a son, Eurytus. [Paus.4.3.10, Hesiod.CW.F79]
1290 BC | Helius, son of Perseus, founded Helos on the coast of Laconia. [Paus.3.20.6, Strabo.8.5.2]
1290 BC | Manapa-Tarhunta letter (CTH 191)
** Letter from Manapa-Tarhunta (King of the Seha River Land) to Hittite King Muwatalli II (1295-72 BC) [wiki: Manapa-Tarhunta letter]
** Piyama-Radu attacked Troy, and Manapa-Tarhunta joined Troy but failed to drive out Piyama-Radu. [CTH 191.3]
** Piyama-Radu attacked Lazpa (Lesbos Island). Manapa-Tarhunta's subordinates on the island joined Piyama-Radu. [CTH 191.4]
** A group of Lazpa artisans defected to Atpa in Miletus. [CTH 191.4]
** The Hittite army arrived at Seha and advanced to attack Wilusa. [CTH 191.3]
** The Hittite army likely headed for Wilusa to attack Piyama-Radu, who was stationed near Troy. [wiki: Piyama-Radu]
** Kupanta-Kurunta of Mira negotiated with Atpa regarding the return of a group of artisans. [CTH 191.4]
1289 BC | Sarpedon emigrated from Miletus to Lycia (Lukka lands). [Herod.1.173]
** Since Sarpedon divided land with Lycus in 1277 BC | he must have emigrated from Miletus to Lycia prior to that time.
1288 BC | Aeacus, son of Actor, founded Dia in Thessaly. [StephByz.D229.1]
1287 BC | Aeacus, son of Actor, emigrated from Dia to the island of Aegina. [Inferred from StephByz.D229.1]
1287 BC | Pandion, the eighth king of Athens, died of illness in exile in Megara. [Paus.1.5.3-4]
1287 BC | Pandion's adopted son, Aegeus, ascended to the ninth king of Athens in Megara. [Paus.1.5.4]
1287 BC | Amphitryon, son of Alcaeus, married Laonome, daughter of Guneus of Pheneus. [Estimated from Apo.2.4.5, Pindaros.170, and Paus.8.14.9]
1287 BC | Aeacus adjudicated a dispute over the succession of Megara between Pandion's son Nisus and Pandion's son-in-law, Sciron. [Paus.1.39.6]
** Scyrius (or Sciron, Chiron, or Scirus), the father of Aeacus' two wives, was the biological father of Pandion's adopted son, Aegeus. [Apo.3.12.6, Apo.3.15.5, FGrH.333.60, Hyginus.14, Paus.2.29.9, Plut.These.10, Plut.These.35]
** Thus, Aeacus and Aegeus were stepbrothers, and Nisus and Sciron were stepbrothers through Aegeus. It is likely that Aegeus, then king of Athens, had Aeacus, known for his piety, mediate a dispute between his brothers. [Apo.3.12.6]
1287 BC | Pelops' son Chrysippus died. [Paus.6.20.7]
1287 BC | Pelops' two sons, Pittheus and Troezen, emigrated to the land that would later become Troezen. [Paus.2.30.9]
1287 BC | Pelops' son Alcathus emigrated to Megara and married Pyrgo, daughter of Sciron, son of Pylas. [Paus.1.43.4]
1287 BC | Pelops' son Letreus migrated from Pisa to the coast and founded Letrini. [Paus.6.22.8]
1287 BC | Thyestes and Atreus emigrated to Macistus in Triphylia. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
** Since Thyestes and Atreus were still young, they likely emigrated with their mother.
1287 BC | Hippodamia was expelled from Pisa by Pelops and fled to Midea. [Paus.6.20.7]
** Electryon, the husband of Hippodamia's daughter Eurydice (or Lysidice), was king of Midea. [Diod.4.9.1, Paus.2.25.9]
** Later, Elis, following an oracle, transported Hippodamia's remains to Olympia. [Paus.6.20.7]
** Hippodamia's remains were found in Midea, so she is believed to have died before Pelops.
** Atreus and Thyestes, who were advised by Hippodamia to kill Chrysippus, did so. Hippodamia, blamed by Pelops, committed suicide. [Hyginus.85, 243]
** Atreus and Thyestes, who were advised by Hippodamia to kill Chrysippus, refused, and Hippodamia killed him herself. [Plut.Mor.313e]
** Hippodamia and her sons killed Chrysippus. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, FGrH.Nr4.F157]
** Pelops killed Chrysippus. [Dic: Atreus (Schol. Thucy. 1.9)]
** Hippodamia and her sons were likely expelled from Pisa by Pelops.
** The cause of this is thought to be Pelops' marriage to Atreus' mother.
1286 BC | Iphicles was born as the son of Amphitryon, son of Alcaeus. [Apo. 2.4.11, Hyginus. 173, Paus. 8.14.9]
1286 BC | Thestius married Deidamia (or Leucippe), daughter of Perieres from Andania in Messenia. [SchoOnApoRhod.1.201]
1285 BC | Lysianassa was born, daughter of Polybus and Periboea. [Paus.2.6.6]
1285 BC | Actor, son of Phorbas, migrated from Olenus to the sea west of Elis and founded Hyrmina, named after his mother. [Paus.5.1.11]
1285 BC | Aegeus returned to Athens from Megara and expelled the sons of Metion. [Paus.1.5.4]
1285 BC | the epic poet Linus studied the Phoenician language and letters and invented the Pelasgic alphabet. [Estimated from Tacit.Ann.11.14]
1285 BC | after Troezen's death, Pittheus annexed nearby Hyperea and Anthea and founded Troezen. [Paus.2.30.9]
1285 BC | Daedalion, son of Actor, migrated from Phthia to the vicinity of Mount Parnassus. [Estimated from Paus.4.33.3 and Paus.8.4.6]
1285 BC | Galadrus, son of Emathion, migrated from Emathia to the region of Pieria and founded Galadrae. [TzeAdLyco.1342, Steph.G196.5]
1282 BC | Polybus, son of Chthonophyle, daughter of Sicyon, migrated east-southeast from Phlius and founded Tenea. [Estimated from Strabo.8.6.22]
1282 BC | Polybus married Periboea. [Apo.3.5.7, Hyginus.66]
** Since Oedipus was adopted by Polybus, Periboea is presumed to be the daughter of Laius, son of Labdacus, and Oedipus's older sister. [Apo.3.5.7]
** Although Tenea and Thebes are far apart, the marriage is likely due to a connection between Epopeus, the grandfather of Polybus's grandfather Sicyon, and Thebes.
** Epopeus' son Ismenus fought alongside Amphion against Lycus, Laius's guardian. Epopeus's family was a great benefactor to Laius.
1281 BC | Agenor, son of Pleuron, married Epcaste, daughter of Calydon. [Apo.1.7.7]
1280 BC | Pyttius migrated from Thessaly to Eleia and founded Buprasium. [Paus.5.1.11, Strabo.8.3.8]
** Automedon, son of Diores, son of Amarynceus, son of Pyttius, was a charioteer for Achilles. [Dictys.2.34]
** Automedon was a member of the Myrmidons, and Pyttius is thought to be the son of Actor, son of Myrmidon. [Dictys.2.34]
** Buprasium was located near the hill of Alesium. [Home.11.737]
** It was located near Salmone, on the road from Elis to Olympia. [Strabo.8.3.10]
** Pyttius' hometown, Phthia, was near the hometown of Salmoneus, the founder of Salmone. Pyttius migrated to Eleia, seeking refuge with Salmoneus.
1280 BC | Daedalion migrated near Mount Parnassus. [This is presumed based on the fact that Daedalion's son, Autolycus, lived in Parnassus (Paus. 8.4.6)]
** Daedalion was the brother of Ceyx of Trachis. [Ovid. Meta. 11.289]
** Trachis was a city of the Myrmidons, and Ceyx is presumed to be the son of Actor, the son of the Myrmidon. [Home. Il. 2.681]
** Thus, Daedalion's father is likely Actor, the son of the Myrmidon.
1280 BC | Aphareus, son of Perieres, left Andania to his brother Leucippus and migrated to the west coast of Messenia, where he founded Arene. [Paus.4.2.5]
** Idas succeeded his father Aphareus and lived in Arene, while Lynceus likely lived in Papae. [FGrH.Nr790.F50]
1280 BC | Pellene and Gonussa's son founded Gonussa near Pellene. [Estimated from Newton.Chro.62]
1280 BC | Manapa-Tarhunta was succeeded by Masturi. [wiki: Seha River Land]
** Masturi is likely the son of Manapa-Tarhunta. [wiki: Seha River Land]
** Muwatalli II (1295-72 BC) supported Masturi's succession. [wiki: Seha River Land]
1280 BC | Carystus, son of Chiron, migrated from the island of Salamis to southeastern Euboea and founded Carystus. [StephByz.K362.13, TzeAdLyco.580]
1280 BC | Alcaeus, son of Perseus, died. His son Amphitryon succeeded Tiryns.
** Alcaeus did not participate in the 1277 BC expedition to the Teleboans, which Alcaeus's brother Electryon also participated in.
1280 BC | Canethus, son of Abas, migrated from Chalcis to northern Euboea and founded Cerinthus. [Estimated from Apollo.1.77]
1280 BC | Phlegyas, son of Antion, founded Gyrton near Larisa. [Estimated from Strabo.9.5.21]
** The town founded by Phlegyas was named Gyrton after Ixion (also known as Gyrton), who succeeded Phlegyas. [Dic: Gyrton, StephByz.G215.20]
1279 BC | Oedipus was adopted by Polybus of Corinth. [Estimated from Apocalypse.3.5.7 and Strabo.8.6.22]
** Oedipus was likely adopted because he had several older siblings. [Paus.9.26.3]
1279 BC | Neleus and Pelias jointly organized the Olympic Games at Olympia. [Paus.5.8.2]
1279 BC | Cephalus, son of Deion, murdered his wife Procris and fled to Thebes. [Apocalypse.2.4.7, Strabo.10.2.20]
** Cephalus was tried by the Areopagus and sentenced to exile. [FGrH.Nr4.F169a]
** Cephalus killed Procris by accident. [FGrH.Nr333.F34]
** Negligent homicide was outside Areopagus's jurisdiction, and Cephalus's murder of Procris is a fiction. Cephalus was exiled by his brother-in-law, Aegeus.
1279 BC | Cephalus, son of Deion (Deioneus), was commissioned by Thebes to fight and defeat Alopekos of Haliartus. [Plut.Lysand.29, Tzetzes.1.560]
** Cephalus lived in Thoricus, Attica. [Apo.2.4.7, FGrH.Nr333.F34]
** Hyginus names Cephalus, son of Deione, as one of the kings of the Athenians. [Hyginus.48]
** Other sources [Apo.3.15.5, Paus.1.39.4, Strabo.9.1.6] describe Nisus as the son of Pandion, but Hyginus reports him as the son of Deion. [Hyginus.198]
** Therefore, Cephalus is thought to be the son of Pandion. [Estimated from Hyginus.48, 198]
** Cephalus led Minos' general Cynas against Alopekos. [Tzetzes.1.560]
** Alopekos (or Alopecus) was the grandson of Haliartus, the founder of Haliartus, and is thought to have been a cousin of Megareus, the son of Hippomenes (or Oncestus).
** Haliartus was located midway between Thebes and Orchomenus, and was a disputed territory between the two.
** In 395 BC | Neochorus of Sparti lived there. [Plut.Lysand.29, Plut.OraDelp.27]
** The Teumessian fox [Ovid.Meta.7.762, Paus.9.19.1] or Teumesian lion [Statius.4.74] is thought to be Alopekos.
** A Theban magnate nicknamed Alopex (the Fox) occupied Teumesion Hill and attacked Thebes, but was saved by Cephalus. [Palaepha.5]
** In Haliartus was Alopecus Hill, also known as Fox Hill. [Plut.Lysand.29]
** Laelaps, the dog who never missed his target, is thought to have been Cynas, a general of Minos. [Hyginus.189]
1278 BC | Ariadne, daughter of Minos, was married off from Crete to Oenarus, priest of Dionysus of Naxos. [Plut.These.20]
1278 BC | Amphitryon was invited from Sparta to emigrate to Thebes. [Pind.Py.9.80]
** The story that Amphitryon accidentally murdered his uncle Electryon and was exiled is likely a fabrication. [Apo.2.4.6]
1278 BC | Calliope, daughter of Pierus, who lived in Pieria, was married off to Ismenius, son of Charops, who lived in Bisaltia. [Paus.9.30.4, Tze.1.300]
1277 BC | Neleus married Chloris, daughter of Amphion of Orchomenus. [Diod.4.68.6, Hyginus.97, Paus.9.36.8, Home.Od.11.281]
** Chloris, accompanied by many Minyans, migrated to Pylus. [Strabo.8.3.19]
** After Pylus was destroyed by Heracles, the Minyans resettled in Triphylia near the Lepreatic Pylus. [Strabo.8.3.19]
1277 BC | Amphitryon, along with Cephalus, son of Deion, led an expedition to the land of the Teleboans. [Apo.2.4.7, Paus.1.37.6, Pind.Ne.10.10, Strabo.10.2.14]
** Cephalus participated in the migration of Helius, son of Perseus, to northwestern Greece, with the help of his brother Electryon and nephew Amphitryon.
** Helius founded Helos on the coast of Laconia. [Paus.3.20.6, Strabo.8.5.2]
1277 BC | Helius, son of Perseus, colonized the Echinacea Islands. [Apo.2.4.5, Apo.2.4.7]
1277 BC | Cephalus colonized the island of Cephallenia. [Paus.1.37.6]
1277 BC | Electryon and his sons died during a military campaign, and Amphitryon took his surviving children, Alcmena and Licymnius, to Thebes. [Apo.2.4.8]
1277 BC | Sthenelus, son of Perseus, entrusted Midea to Atreus and Thyestes. [Apo.2.4.6]
** This is likely because Atreus and Thyestes were the sons of Sthenelus's sister, Autochthe, rather than because they were brothers of Sthenelus' wife.
** Hippodamia gave birth to six sons. [Pind.Ol.1.89]
** Atreus was the firstborn. [Tzetzes.1.420] The eldest, Atreus. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
** Thyestes as the firstborn, the second-born, Atreus. [Euri.Scho.Or.12.3]
** Thus, Atreus and Thyestes' mother was not Hippodamia, but Perseus' daughter, Autochthe.
** Hippodamia was likely already dead when Atreus and Thyestes became rulers of Midea.
1277 BC | Amphitryon dedicated a tripod obtained from Teleboans to the temple of Thebes. [Herod. 5.59]
1277 BC | Orneus, son of Pandion, was chased by Aegeus and migrated to the borders of Argolis near Phlius, where he founded Orneae. [Paus. 2.25.6]
** Pausanias identifies Orneus's father as Erechtehus. [Paus. 2.25.6]
** If Orneus's father was the sixth king of Athens, Menestheus, son of Peteus, son of Orneus, would be a contemporary of Aegeus, son of Pandion, son of Cecrops (son of Erechtehus).
** However, Menestheus lived during the Trojan War, while Aegeus lived earlier.
** The Trojan War occurred during the reign of Aegeus' grandson, and Erechtehus is thought to be another name for Pandion, the eighth king of Athens.
1277 BC | Pandion's son Lycus, pursued by Aegeus, visited Aphareus of Arene in Messenia and performed the Mysteries in Andania. [Paus.4.2.6]
1277 BC | Pandion's son Lycus traveled from Messenia to Asia Minor and settled with Sarpedon of Milyas in Lycia. [Herod.1.173]
** Sarpedon bestowed upon Lycus land. After this, the city was named Lycia after him. [Herod.1.173]
1277 BC | Peteus, son of Oeneus, was pursued by Aegeus and migrated from Styria in Attica to Phocis, where he founded Stiris. [Paus.10.35.8]
1277 BC | Lebadus, pursued by Aegeus, migrated from Athens to Midea in Boeotia. Midea came to be called Lebadeia. [Paus.9.39.1]
** There is a tradition linking Lebadeia in Boeotia with Lebadus, son of Lycaon in Arcadia. [Plut.QuestGr.39]
** Peteus, son of Oeneus, son of Pandion, who was pursued by Aegeus, is thought to be Lebadus's brother, and Oeneus is thought to be Lebadus's father.
** Along with Lebadus, Carmanor and his son Eubulus (or Phoenix) are believed to have migrated to Midea.
1277 BC | people chased by Aegeus sought refuge with Cepheus, son of Aleus of Arcadia, and settled in Caphyae near Orchomenus. [Paus.8.23.3]
** Caphyae is said to have been founded by Aeneas, grandson of Capys, but this is thought to have been an invention in order to gain protection from Rome. [Antiq.1.49.1, Strabo.13.1.53]
1277 BC | Teuthrantus, son of Pandion, fled from Aegeus, migrated to Boeotia, and founded Thespiae. [Estimated from StephByz.Th310.9]
1277 BC | Chloris, daughter of Amphion, son of Iasius, was married off from Orchomenus to Neleus, son of Cretheus, who lived in Pylus, Eleia. [FGrH.Nr333.F117, FGrH.12.21, Hyginus.97, Paus.9.36.8]
1277 BC | Pelias, son of Cretheus, married Anaxibia, daughter of Bias, who lived in Argos. [Apo.1.9.10]
1276 BC | Amphitryon married his cousin Alcmena. [Apo.2.4.8, Herod.2.145]
1276 BC | Polybus succeeded his grandfather Sicyon as king and moved from Tenea in Corinth to Sicyon. [Euseb.175, Paus.2.6.6]
** Oedipus likely succeeded Polybus, who had moved to Sicyon, and ruled the village of Tenea.
1276 BC | Oedipus of Corinth married Iocasta, daughter of Hyperphas. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]
** This marriage was intended to legitimize Oedipus's inheritance in Tenea, and Hyperphas is believed to have been a member of the Corinthian ruling class.
1276 BC | Circe, daughter of Aeetes, son of Perseis, was married off from Colchis to the king of Sauromatae. [Diod. 4.45.4]
1276 BC | Ixion married Dia and had a son, Peirithous (or Pirithous, Perithous). [Diod. 4.69.3, Apo. 1.8.2, Strabo. 9.5.19]
1275 BC | Heracles was born in Thebes as the son of Amphitryon and Alcmena. [Herod. 6.53, Paus. 5.8.3, Apo. 2.4.5]
** There is a legend that Heracles and Iphicles were twins, but this is likely a fiction. [Arist.HA.7.4.15, Pind.Py.9.75, Pliny.7.49, Solinus.1.60]
1275 BC | Eurystheus, the son of Sthenelus, was born in Mycenae. [Apo.2.4.5]
** Eurystheus and Heracles were born in the same year. [Apo.2.4.5, Home.Il.19.95]
1275 BC | Ctimenus, son of Actor, migrated from Phthia to the area near Lake Xynian in the Dolopia region and founded Ctimene. [Estimated from Apollo.1.65]
1275 BC | Perieres, son of Actor, migrated to the area near the Spercheius River. [Estimated from Home.16.168]
1275 BC | Hyettus killed Molurus, son of Arisbas, and emigrated from Argos to Boeotia, where he founded Hyettus. [Paus.9.36.6]
** Hyettus is thought to be the son of Bias, son of Amythaon, son of Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes.
** Hyettus was given land by Orchomenus, son of Minyas. [Paus.9.36.6]
** Orchomenus was the son of Minyas, son of Chryses, son of Chrysogeneia, daughter of Almus, son of Sisyphus.
** Thus, Hyettus emigrated to rely on Orchomenus, also of Hellenes.
** Arisbas is thought to be the son of Megapenthes, head of the Argos family. It is chronologically impossible to place Arisbas as the son of Bias or Melampus.
1275 BC | Euadne, daughter of Pelias, was married to Canes, son of Cephalus, who lived in Phocis, from Iolcus. [Diod.4.53.2]
1274 BC | Battle of Kadesh (Battle between the Hittites and Egypt)
** The Lukka lands (Lycia) also participated in the battle as Hittite reinforcements. [wiki:Lukka lands]
** 1277 BC | Sarpedon divided land with Lycus, so they must have migrated from Miletus to Lycia before that.
** It is likely that Solymi, who had ties with the Hittites before Sarpedon, sent troops to the Battle of Kadesh.
1272 BC | Mestra, daughter of Erysichthon, son of Myrmidon, was married to Autolycus, son of Deimachus, who lived in Trica. [Ovid.Ibis.413]
1270 BC | Poemander, son of Chaeresilaus, son of Iasius, son of Eleuther, son of Aethusa, emigrated from Eleutherae and founded Tanagra. [Paus.9.20.1]
** Poemander lived among the Gephyraeans.
** Poemander's grandson, Poemander, expelled the Gephyraeans from the area around Tanagra in 1200 BC. [Herod.5.61]
** Shortly after the Epigoni's attack on Thebes, the Gephyraeans, pursued by the Boeotians, emigrated to Athens. [Herod.5.61]
1270 BC | Kupanta-Kurunta of Mira demanded Miletus (Atpa) hand over Celaeneus (Piyama-Radu). [wiki: Miletus]
1270 BC | the epic poet Linus migrated from Thebes to Chalcis on the island of Euboea. [Diogenes.1.4, Suda.lambda.568]
1270 BC | Clymenus, son of Presbon, succeeded Orchomenus, son of Minyas, as king of Orchomenus. [Paus.9.37.1]
1270 BC | the Minyans migrated from Pylus to Triphylia, south of Eleia. [Strabo.8.3.19]
1268 BC | Pelops died in Pisa. [Paus.5.13.4]
1268 BC | Jason led an expedition to Chalcis with the Minyans living in Aesonis (or Aeson). [Inferred from FGrH.Nr8.F3]
** It is believed that there was continued contact between the two even after Athamas' son Presbon returned from Colchis to Boeotia.
** It is believed that Jason, accompanied by Minyans, who possessed the navigational skills, led an expedition to Colchis. [Paus.9.34.8]
1268 BC | Jason married Medea, daughter of Aeetes. [Diod.4.46.4, Paus.2.3.11]
1268 BC | Iphicles, Heracles' half-brother, married Automedusa, daughter of Alcathus, son of Pelops. [Apo.2.4.11]
** The marriage between Iphicles and Automedusa was a subsequent marriage between the sons of Perseus and the daughters of Pelops.
** Iphicles was the great-grandson of Perseus, and Automedusa was the granddaughter of Pelops.
1268 BC | Philammon, son of Daedalion, migrated from near Mount Parnassus to the northern Chalcidice Peninsula. [Estimated from Paus. 4.33.3 and Strabo. 7.8.3]
** Philammon's wife, Argiope, was an Odrysian. [Paus. 4.33.3]
1268 BC | Aethalides succeeded his father as Itonus and married Pelopia, daughter of Pelias of Iolcus. [Apo. 2.7.7, Tzetzes. 2.460]
1267 BC | Iolaus, the son of Iphicles and Automedusa, was born in Thebes. [Apo. 2.4.11]
1267 BC | Oeneus, son of Calydon, married Althaea, daughter of Thestius. [Apo. 1.8.1, Diod. 4.34, Strabo. 10.3.6]
1266 BC | Protogenia, daughter of Calydon, married Andraemon, son of Aetolus, who lived in Amphissa. [Estimated from Apo. 1.7.7]
1266 BC | Actor, son of Phorbas of Hyrmina, married Molione, daughter of Molus, from Pleuron in Aetolia, and had twin sons, Ceatatus and Eurytus. [Apo.2.7.2, Paus.5.2.1]
1265 BC | Amphitryon appointed Heracles as a priest for a one-year term at the temple of Apollo Ismenias and dedicated a bronze tripod to him. [Paus.9.10.4]
1265 BC | Corinthus, son of King Marathon of Corinth, died. [Paus.2.3.10]
1265 BC | Hipponus, son of Dexamenus, emigrated from Olenus in Achaia to Aetolia and founded Olenus. [Strabo.8.7.4]
** Pleuron, near Olenus, was the birthplace of Molione, wife of Dexamenus' brother Actor. [FGrH.333.79]
1265 BC | Tyndareus, son of Oebalus, emigrated from Sparta to Aetolia. [Apo.3.10.5, Strabo.10.2.24, Paus.3.1.4]
** Hippocoon banished Tyndareus and Icarius. [Apo.3.10.5, Strabo.10.2.24]
** Hippocoon banished Tyndareus. [Paus.3.1.4]
** Tyndareus emigrated voluntarily; it was Idas, not Icarius, who emigrated with him.
** Tyndareus likely emigrated with the help of his half-sister, Deidamia, who was married to Thestius of Pleuron.
1265 BC | Idas married Marpessa, daughter of Evenus of Pleuron. [Apo.1.7.8, Paus.4.2.7]
** Before going to Pleuron, Tyndareus went to Aphareus, and it is believed that Idas, who was the same age as Tyndareus, also went to Pleuron with him. [Paus.3.1.4]
** Idas's mother, Arene, was Tyndareus's sister. This means that Idas was Tyndareus's nephew.
1265 BC | Aethusa's son, Eleuther, moved to Mount Cithaeron and founded Eleutherae. [StephByz.E265.10]
1265 BC | Mursili III (Urhi-Teshup) attacked his uncle, Hattusili III (before he ascended to the throne). [wiki: Mursili III]
** Wilusa and Ahhiyawa supported Mursili III but were defeated, and Wilusa became independent. [wiki: Piyama-Radu (Gale)]
1265 BC | Lysianassa, daughter of Polybus, was married to Talaus of Argos from Sicyon. [Paus.2.6.6]
1265 BC | Minos' sons, Eurymedon, Nephalion, Chryses, and Philolaus, emigrated from Crete to Paros. [Apo.2.5.9, Apo.3.1.2]
1265 BC | Daedalus, son of Eupalamus, son of Metion, was pursued by Aegeus and emigrated to the island of Crete. [Estimated from Apocalypse 3.15.8, Hyginus 244, Paus 1.21.4, Tzetzes 1.490]
** It is believed that Daedalus married Androgeus, son of Minos, to the sons of Pallas.
1265 BC | the Caucones, led by Lepreus, son of Pyrgeus, migrated to southern Eleia and founded Lepreus. [Paus 5.5.4]
1264 BC | Mantius, son of Melampus, fled to Calydon. [Inferred from Apocalypse 1.7.7 and the marriage of Oecles to Hypermnestra]
** Calydon was the birthplace of Aeolia, sister of Mantius's father, Melampus. [Apocalypse 1.7.7]
1264 BC | Oecles, son of Mantius, married Hypermnestra, daughter of Thestius of Pleuron. [Diod. 4.68.5, Hyginus. 70, Paus. 6.17.6]
** Thestius was the son of Pleuron, brother of Calydon, husband of Mantius' aunt Aeolia. Thus, Oecles and Hypermnestra were second cousins.
1264 BC | Laius, son of Labdacus, died on the Cleft Road near Panopeus in Phocis. [Apocalypse 3.15.7, Paus 10.5.4]
** During the Roman period, the Phlegyans lived in Panopeus, Phocis. [Paus 10.4.1]
** 1215 BC | the Phlegyans came from the Minyan country to support Thebes. [Paus 9.9.2]
** Damasistratus of Plataea buried Laius. [Apocalypse 3.5.8, Paus 10.5.4]
** Damasistratus's wife was likely Plataea, sister of Tanagra, daughter of the river god Asopus.
** Damasistratus's father, Iasius, was the brother of Laius' guardian, Amphion. [Inferred from Paus 9.20.1]
** Laius is believed to have been killed in battle against Tityus of Panopeus alongside Damasistratus of Plataea.
1264 BC | Creon ascended to the throne as king of Thebes. [Apo.3.5.8, Hyginus.67]
** Laius likely had many sons. Creon was not king, but rather the guardian of Laius's son.
1264 BC | Androgeus, son of Minos, was murdered in Athens during the reign of Aegeus. [Apo.3.15.8, Diod.4.60.5]
** Aegeus murdered Androgeus because of his close ties with the sons of Pallas, his political rival. [Diod.4.60.4-5]
** Androgeus, son of Minos, was on his way to Thebes to participate in Laius's funeral games. [Apo.3.15.7]
** Androgeus was killed by the bull at Marathon. [Apo.3.15.8, Paus.1.27.10]
** Androgeus was killed during the war. [Hyginus.41]
** After this, a battle between Minos and Megara is reported, but the battle between Minos and Athens is unknown.
1264 BC | Minos attacked Megara under the rule of Nisus, son of Pandion. [Apo.3.15.8]
1264 BC | the Athenians made a peace agreement with Minos, agreeing to pay tribute of seven young women and seven young men every ninth year. [Plut.These.15]
1264 BC | Minos attacked the island of Ceos and captured Dexithea, whom he married. [Apo.3.1.2, Bacchy.1.180]
** Dexithea is likely a descendant of a child left behind by Aristaeus on the island of Ceos. [Diod.4.82.4]
1264 BC | Nisus, son of Pandion, was killed in battle against Minos. [Apo.3.15.8, Paus.1.39.5]
1264 BC | Megareus, son of Hippomenes, rushed from Onchestus to Megara and was killed in battle against Minos. [Apo.3.15.8, Paus.1.39.5]
1264 BC | Minos' brother Rhadamanthus emigrated to Onchestus. [Apo.2.4.11, Plut.Lysa.28]
** Minos and Thebes had a good relationship. [Apo.3.15.7, Tzetzes.1.560]
1264 BC | Alcathus, son of Pelops, succeeded him as king of Megara and built a wall. [Paus.1.41.6, Paus.1.42.4]
** Based on the fact that the tomb of Alcathous' first wife, Pyrgo, was located in Megara, the following is suggested. [Paus.1.43.4]
** Pyrgo was the daughter of Sciron, son of Pyras, who competed with Nisus for the kingship. Nisus and his son-in-law, Megareus, were both killed in battle, leaving Megara with no heirs.
** Pyrgo's husband, Alcathus, succeeded Megara and, after Pyrgo's death, married Nisus's granddaughter, Euaechme.
** After Nisus' death, Alcathus made peace with Minos. Alcathus' daughter, Periboea, also paid tribute. [Paus.1.17.3; 1.42.2]
1264 BC | Aegeus fled to Pittheus in Troezen. [Estimated from Apo.3.15.8, Euri.SupW.1]
** Alcathus likely introduced Pittheus of Troezen as a place of exile for Aegeus, who had been exiled by the sons of Pallas.
1264 BC | Minos settles the Cretans on the island of Aegina. [Estimated from Strabo.8.6.16]
1264 BC | Ampycus, son of Elatus, emigrated to Oechalia, founded by Melaneus, son of his cousin Aeolus. [Hyginus.14]
1263 BC | Theseus was born in Troezen, the son of Aegeus and Aethra. [Apo.3.16.1, Euseb.185, Hyginus.14]
** Aethra's father, Pittheus, married her to Aegeus according to an oracle. [Euri.SupW.1]
** Aegeus's return is likely aided by Troezen's two sons, Anaphlystus and Sphettus, who emigrated from Troezen to Attica. [Paus.2.30.9]
** Sphettus was among the 12 towns united during Theseus' reign, so his migration likely predates Theseus's time. [Strabo.9.1.20]
1263 BC | Amphiaraus was born, as the son of Oecles and Hypermnestra. [Home.Od.15.220, Hyginus.70, Paus.6.17.6, Diod.4.68.5]
** Amphiaraus participated in the Calydonian Boar Hunt from Argos. [Apo.1.8.2]
** Amphiaraus participated in Adrastus's attack on Thebes from Pylos. [Hyginus.70]
1262 BC | Aegeus returned to Athens with the help of Troezen's sons, Anaphlystus and Sphettus. [Estimated from Paus.2.30.9]
1262 BC | Anaphlystus, son of Troezen, founded Anaphlystus in Attica. [Paus.2.30.9]
1262 BC | Sphettus, son of Troezen, founded Sphettus in Attica. [Paus.2.30.9]
1262 BC | Heracles murdered Linus, the son of his musical teacher Ismenius. [Aelia.3.32, Paus.9.29.9]
** The father of the epic poet Linus was Amphimarus. Heracles and the epic poet Linus were contemporaries but likely never met.
1262 BC | Picus died, and Faunus succeeded Laurentum. [Euseb.Chron.283]
1262 BC | Sthenelus of Mycenae died.
1262 BC | Sthenelus' son, Eurystheus, became king of Mycenae. [Euseb.Chron.179, Strabo.8.6.19]
** Eurystheus's reign lasted 45 years. [Jerome Chro. 1308]
1262 BC | Opus, son of Locrus, founded Opus in Locris. [Pind. Ol. 9.65]
** After Locrus's name, the region where Locrus lived came to be called Locris, and the people who lived there called themselves Locrians. [Ps-Scym. 587]
1262 BC | Menoetius, son of Actor, moved from Phthia to Locris and participated in the founding of Opus. [Pind. Ol. 9.65]
** Menoetius gained the trust of Opus and was entrusted with the city. [Pind. Ol. 9.65]
** Menoetius was a friend of Heracles. [Diod. 4.39.1]
1262 BC | the son of Crius of Euboea was killed after ravaging the sanctuary and surrounding area of Delphi. [Paus.10.6.6, Paus.10.7.1]
** It was Apollo who killed Crius' son. [Paus.10.6.6] Apollo killed Tityus, the son of Elare, daughter of Orchomenus. [Apo.1.4.1]
** Based on the above, it is assumed that Crius' son was Tityus, the son of Elare.
** Tityus's tomb was in Panopeus. [Paus.10.4.5]
** Tityus' daughter Europa lived near the Cephisus River. [Pind.Py.4.45]
** Based on the above, it is assumed that Tityus migrated from Euboea, where his father Crius lived, to near Orchomenus, where his grandfather lived, and lived in Panopeus.
** Based on the following, it is assumed that Apollo, who killed Tityus, was Eubulus (or Phoenix), son of Carmanor.
** Carmanor purified Apollo. [Paus. 2:30.3] Apollo married Acacallis, daughter of Minos, in Carmanor's house. [Paus. 10:16.5]
** Britomartis, daughter of Carme, daughter of Carmanor's son Eubulus, became the goddess Dictynna (or Aphaea). [Paus. 2:30.3]
1262 BC | Carmanor and his son Eubulus emigrated to Tarra in the southwestern part of Crete. [Paus. 10:16.5]
1261 BC | Periboea, daughter of Acessamenus of Pieria, married Axius, son of Mygdon of Mygdonia. [Home.Il.21.136]
** Acessamenus is believed to be the son of Pierus, son of Magnes, son of Aeolus.
1260 BC | Asclepius was born in Tricca. [Strabo.14.1.39]
1260 BC | Aeacus prayed for rain during a drought in Athens and Greece. [Cleme.Str.6.3, Diod.4.61.1, Paus.1.44.9, Paus.2.29.7, Paus.2.30.4]
1260 BC | Oeonus, son of Licymnius, cousin of Heracles, was killed by the sons of Hippocoon. [Diod.4.33.5, Paus.3.15.4]
1260 BC | Aegeus of Athens made peace with Minos on the condition that he send seven young men and women as hostages to the island every nine years. [Diod.4.61.3]
** The second time was in 1251 BC. The third time was in 1242 BC. Theseus was 21 years old.
1260 BC | Ischys, son of Elatus (or Eilatus), expelled the inhabitants of Tricca. [Inferred from Plut.Lucu.23, Strabo.12.3.11]
1260 BC | Autolycus, son of Deimachus, emigrated from Tricca to Sinope, on the southern coast of the Pontus Sea. [Plut. Lucu. 23, Strabo. 12.3.11]
** Autolycus participated in Jason's expedition in 1268 BC and is believed to have been familiar with the Pontus Sea. [Estimated from Apollo. 2.946]
1260 BC | Cynus, son of Opus, founded Cynus near Opus. [Strabo. 9.4.2]
1260 BC | Cyzicus, son of Aeneus, founded Cyzicus on the island of Herron in the Propontis Sea. [StephByz. K391.4]
1258 BC | Protesilaus, son of Iphiclus, married Laodamia, daughter of Acastus, from Iolcus, northeast of Phylace. [Hyginus.103]
1258 BC | Amphitryon defeated Chalcodon of Chalcis in Euboea, who had invaded Boeotia. [Paus.9.19.3]
** Chalcodon's son, Elephenor, participated in the Trojan campaign and was presumably born shortly before Chalcodon's death.
** Chalcodon's daughter, Chalciope, married Aegeus of Athens around this time. [Apo.3.15.6, Athen.556f]
** Later, Theseus' sons took refuge with Chalciope's brother, Elephenor. [Plut.These.35]
1257 BC | Heracles slew the lion of Cithaeron. [Apo.2.4.9]
1257 BC | Heracles was entertained by Thespius, king of Thespiae in Boeotia. [Apo.2.4.9]
1256 BC | Heracles visited Pittheus in Troezen with his father, Amphitryon. [This is inferred from their absence at Erginus's attack on Thebes.]
** Pittheus was the brother of Eurydice (or Lysidice), mother of Heracles' mother, Alcmena.
1256 BC | Theseus saw Heracles sitting on a lion's skin in Pittheus's house in Troezen. [Paus.1.27.7]
** Pittheus was Theseus' maternal grandfather.
1256 BC | Clymenus, son of Presbon, was killed in Onchestus by Perieres, charioteer of Menoeceus, son of Creon of Thebes. [Apo.2.4.11]
** Eurydice, daughter of the murdered Clymenus and wife of Nestor, the eldest Trojan warrior, was the eldest daughter, so this likely occurred around this time. [Home.Od.3.452]
** Amphitryon and Heracles were traveling and likely not in Thebes. [Estimated from Apo.2.4.9]
1256 BC | Erginus, son of Clymenus, king of the Minyans, invaded Thebes and defeated him, imposing 20 years of tribute on Thebes. [Apo.2.4.11]
1256 BC | Heracles defeated Erginus, king of the Minyans. [Apo.2.4.11, Diod.4.10.5, Strabo.9.2.40]
** When Heracles came of age, the Thebans were freed from tribute and the Minyans were defeated in battle. [Paus.9.37.2]
** Erginus and Thebes made peace. [Paus.9.37.3]
1256 BC | Oedipus' sons, Phrastor and Laonytus, were killed in battle with Erginus. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]
** Since this occurred before Oedipus's return to Thebes, it is likely that his sons arrived from Corinth.
1256 BC | Heracles dedicated a stone lion to the temple of Artemis in Thebes to commemorate his victory over Erginus. [Paus.9.17.2]
1256 BC | Amphitryon was killed in battle against Erginus. [Apo.2.4.11]
1256 BC | Icarius, son of Oebalus, married Dorodoche, daughter of Orsilochus. [FGrH.Nr333.F128]
1256 BC | Icarius, son of Oebalus, founded Pharis south of Sparta. [Estimated from Paus.4.16.8 and FGrH.Nr333.F128]
** Pharis was also called Pharae. [Paus.4.16.8]
** Pharis, father of Telegone, mother of Orsilochus, founded Pharae near the mouth of the Nedon River, which flows into the Gulf of Messenia. [Paus. 4.30.2]
** Icarius likely named the city he founded after his wife Dorodoche's hometown of Pharae, or after Pharis, the city's founder.
1256 BC | Hippomenes, son of Megareus, was expelled from Onchestus and emigrated to Arcadia. [Apo. 3.9.2, Hyginus. 185]
1256 BC | Schoeneus of Schoenus of Boeotia, oppressed by Thebes, emigrated to Arcadia. [Paus. 8.35.10, Plut. Lysa. 29.7, Tzetzes. 1.560, Strabo. 9.2.22]
1256 BC | Copaeus, son of Plataeus, son of Onchestus, was expelled from Onchestus and emigrated across Lake Copais, where he founded Copae. [Estimated from StephByz.K401.12]
1256 BC | Larymna, which had belonged to Opus, became part of the Boeotia region. [Paus.9.23.7]
1256 BC | Phocus, son of Aeacus, migrated from the island of Aegina to the area northwest of Phocus, near Naubolenses (later Drymaea). [Paus.10.1.1, 10.33.12]
1256 BC | Telamon, son of Aeacus, migrated from the island of Aegina to the island of Salamis and married Glauce, daughter of Cychreus. [Diod.4.72.7]
** Peleus and Telamon joined the Argonauts from different locations. [Apollo.1.90]
1256 BC | Peleus, son of Aeacus, emigrated from the island of Aegina to Phthia to live with Eurytion, son of Actor. [Apollo.3.13.1]
1256 BC | Peleus married Eurytion's daughter Antigone, and they had a daughter, Polydora. [Apollo.3.13.1]
** Actor, father of Antigone's father, Eurytion, was the father of Peleus' father, Aeacus, and Antigone was Peleus's cousin. [Apollo.3.13.1]
1256 BC | Tithonus, son of Laomedon, married Cissia, granddaughter of Perses. [Strabo. 15.3.2, Dictys. 4.4, Apo. 3.12.4, Diod. 4.75.4]
1256 BC | Thoas, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, emigrated from Naxos to Lemnos. [Diod. 5.79.2]
1255 BC | Oedipus married Euryganeia, daughter of Hyperphas. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]
** Oedipus' marriage to Euryganeia occurred one year after the battle with Erigeron. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]
1255 BC | Heracles married Megara, daughter of Creon. [Apo.2.4.11, Diod.4.10.6]
1255 BC | Iphicles married the younger sister of Megara, daughter of Creon. [Apo.2.4.11]
** Iphicles' death likely resulted from his significant contributions to the battle.
** Iphicles' two sons died along with Heracles' children. [Apo.2.4.12]
** The tomb of Heracles' children was located next to the tomb of Amphitryon. [Paus.1.41.1]
** Given the above, it is possible that Iphicles' marriage to Creon's daughter never actually took place.
1255 BC | Alcmena was honored by the Thebans. [Diod.4.58.6]
1255 BC | Alcmena remarried Rhadamanthus and resided in Ocaleae, Hariatos. [Apo.3.1.2, Apo.2.4.11, Plut.Lysand.28]
1255 BC | the oracle of Themis in Delphi became the oracle of Apollo. [Paus.10.16.5, Paus.10.23.2, Paus.1.4.4]
** Phemonoe became Apollo's first female prophet and the first to recite oracles in hexameter verse. [Paus.10.5.7, Newton.Chro.143]
1252 BC | Laonome, daughter of Amphitryon, married Euphemus, son of Theiodamas (or Theodamas). [Tzetzes.2.610]
1252 BC | Eurystheus married Antimache, daughter of Amphidamas of Tegea. [Apo.3.9.2]
** Aleus, father of Lycurgus, father of Amphidamas, father of Antimache, was father of Amphidamas, father of Antibia, wife of Sthenelus, father of Eurystheus.
** Thus, Eurystheus married Antimache, daughter of Amphidamas, who was a cousin of Antibia, wife of his father Sthenelus.
1252 BC | Alcestis, daughter of Pelias, son of Cretheus, was married to Hippasus, son of Eurytus, of Oechalia in Messenia. [FGrH.Nr325.F9]
1251 BC | Heracles killed three of his children with Megara and two of his children with Iphicles. [Apo.2.4.12, Diod.4.11.1]
** Pindar reports eight sons, but this is likely an excessive number. [FGrH.Nr333.F14, Pind.Is.4.50]
** Heracles' children likely died in a fire caused by Megara's negligence. [Inferred from Apo.2.4.12]
1251 BC | Heracles divorced Megara and gave her to Iolaus in marriage. [Apo.2.6.1, Diod.4.31.1]
** Heracles likely considered his marriage to Megara "unblessed by the gods." [Paus.10.29.7]
1251 BC | Heracles emigrated from Thebes to Tiryns, the territory of his father Amphitryon. [Apo.2.4.12, Diod.4.10.6]
** An oracle directed Heracles to work under Eurystheus. [Apo.2.4.12]
1251 BC | Licymnius emigrated from Thebes to Midea, the territory of his father Electryon. [Apo.2.4.8, inferred from Diod.4.33.2]
** Licymnius traveled to Thebes with Alcmena and accompanied Heracles. [Apo.2.4.8]
** Licymnius' name is not found among those accompanying Heracles when he left Tiryns. [Diod.4.33.2]
** Eurystheus of Mycenae likely welcomed his relatives, Heracles and Licymnius, to oppose Argos.
1251 BC | Atreus, son of Pelops, migrated north from Midea and founded Cleonae. [FGrH.Nr2.F3, FGrH.Nr333.F20]
1251 BC | Thyestes, son of Pelops, migrated from Midea to the island of Cythera. [Estimated from FGrH.10.11, Tzetzes.1.460, and Home.Od.4.512]
** The migration of Atreus and Thyestes is thought to have been caused by Licymnius's return from Thebes to Midea.
** Licymnius joined Heracles before his battle with Eurytus of Oechalia. [Apo.2.7.7]
** The island of Cythera is thought to have been an important trading post.
1251 BC | Chrysothemis, daughter of Carmanor, won a hymn-singing contest at the Pythia Festival. [Paus.10.7.2]
1250 BC | Lycurgus of Arcadia fought and defeated Areithus of Arene in Triphylia. [Home.7.8, FGrH.Nr333.F158]
1250 BC | Heracles was adopted by the Athenian Pylius to be initiated into the Mysteries of Eleusis. [Apo.2.5.12, Plut.These.33]
** Eleusis's attendants were Musaeus, son of Orpheus [Diod.4.25.1], Eumolpus [Apo.2.5.12], and unknown [FGrH.Nr334.F20]
** Heracles' attendant was likely Musaeus, son of Antiophemus, father of Eumolpus, the high priest who instituted the Mysteries.
1250 BC | Melampus introduced the Dionysian cult to Greece. [Herod. 2.49]
1250 BC | Ariadne, daughter of Minos, and Oenarus visited Peroponessus from Naxos to spread the Dionysian cult. [Paus. 2.23.8, Paus. 3.13.7]
** It is believed that Melampus, son of Amythaon, invited Dionysus. [Herod. 2.49]
** The tomb of Chorea is located in Argos. [Paus. 2.20.4] Chorea was one of the daughters of Leucippus and likely the sister of King Smerdius of Naxos. [Diod. 5.51.3]
** The visiting group led by Oenarus and Ariadne also visited Messenia. [Paus.4.31.4]
** The common tomb of the woman who accompanied Oenarus and Ariadne was also located in Argos. [Paus.2.22.1]
1250 BC | Oenarus and Ariadne's son, Phliasus, succeeded the illegitimate Phlius. [Paus.2.6.6]
** Phliasus was related to the founder of Phlius through his father, Oenarus.
** Hypsipyle, daughter of Thoas, who lived on the island of Lemnos, was orphaned after the death of her parents and is believed to have been adopted by Phliasus.
** Lemnos was likely the site of a group of people who migrated from Naxos with Thoas and participated in the expeditions of Dionysus (Oenarus).
** Hypsipyle's parents are believed to have died of plague, which ravaged Lemnos. [Thucy.2.47]
1250 BC | Oileus (or Oeleus), son of Hodoedocus, founded Narycus west of Cynus in Locris. [Hyginus.14]
1250 BC | Ceyx, son of Actor, migrated from Phthia to the foot of Mount Oeta and founded Trachis. [Estimated from Home.Il.2.681]
1250 BC | Pierus, son of Linus, son of Pierus, migrated from Pieria in Macedonia to Thespiae. [Paus.9.29.3]
1250 BC | Panopeus, son of Phocus, migrated from Naubolenses (later Drymaea) to Panopeus. [Paus.10.4.1]
** Panopeus, son of Phocus, is presumed to have migrated there with Iphitus, son of Naubolus.
** Iphitus was the brother of Antiphateia, wife of Panopeus's brother Crisus. Thus, Panopeus and Iphitus were brothers-in-law.
** Tityos, son of Crius, presumably the brother of Naubolus' father Ornytus, lived in Panopeus, but was killed in a battle with Thebes.
1250 BC | Iphitus (or Perimedes), son of Naubolus, son of Ornytus, migrated from Naubolenses to Panopeus. [Estimated from Apollo.1.207]
** The area was named Panopeus after Panopeus, son of Phocus. [Paus.10.4.1]
** Iphitus served as Jason's guide when he visited Delpi before the Argonauts' expedition. [Apo.1.9.16, Apollo.1.207, Home.2.517]
** Therefore, Iphitus's migration to Panopeus predates the Argonauts' expedition.
1250 BC | the epic poet Linus died in Chalcis and was buried there. [Diogenes.1.4, Suda.lambda.568]
1250 BC | Hattusili III demanded the surrender of Celaeneus (Piyama-Radu) to King Ahhiyawa. [wiki: Tawagalawa letter]
1250 BC | the Caucones, who lived in Lepreus in southern Eleia, could no longer tolerate Lepreus's tyranny and emigrated to Lycia. [Strabo. Fragment. 63]
1250 BC | Tawagalawa letter (CTH 181)
** Letter from Hattusili III (1265-35 BC) to King Ahhiyawa [wiki: Tawagalawa letter]
** Tawagalawa, King Ahhiyawa's brother [wiki: Tawagalawa letter]
** After the failure of the rebellion in Lukka, Tawagalawa demanded the extradition of Piyama-Radu, who fled to Ahhiyawa. [wiki: Tawagalawa letter]
** Requests King Ahhiyawa to suppress activities against the Hittites. [wiki: Tawagalawa letter]
** This is a request, not an order, from the Hittites. It is believed that Ahhiyawa had become equal in power to the Hittites. [wiki: Tawagalawa letter]
** The Hittites and Ahhiyawa were once enemies over Troy, but now had friendly relations. [wiki: Tawagalawa letter]
1250 BC | Priam rushed to the aid of Phrygia, which was under attack by the Amazons. [Strabo.12.3.24, Strabo.12.8.6, Home.3.181]
** Priam also assisted Otreus (father of Laomedon's wife, Placia (or Leucippe)) and Mygdon in their battle against the Amazons. [Home.3.181]
1250 BC | Teucer was born as the son of Telamon, son of Aeacus. [Apo.3.10.8, Hyginus.97, VellePat.1.1.1, Strabo.14.6.3]
** Teucer's mother is said to have been Hesione, daughter of Laomedon of Troy. [Apo.3.12.7, Hyginus.97]
** This legend is thought to be a fabrication spread by the descendants of Teucer, who founded Salamis with the Trojans, in order to subjugate the inhabitants. [Athen.256b]
** Teucer's mother is thought to have been Glauce, daughter of Cychreus, Telamon's first wife.
1250 BC | Alcaeus, son of Androgeus, son of Minos, emigrated from Crete to Paros. [Diod.5.79.2]
1250 BC | Linus, son of Ismenius, son of Charops, emigrated from Bisaltia to Thebes. [Estimated from Paus.9.29.9]
** Pierus, son of Linus, brother of Linus's mother, Calliope, lived in Thespiae, Boeotia. [Paus. 9.29.3]
1249 BC | Ariadne died in Argos and was buried there. [Paus. 2.23.8]
1249 BC | Augeas held the games in Elis. [FGrH.Nr333.F118, Home.Il.11.655]
** The location of the games is believed to be Olympia, not Elis. [Paus.5.8.3]
1248 BC | Heracles killed Iphitus, the son of Eurytus of Oechalia, in Tiryns. [Apo.2.6.2, Diod.4.31.3]
** At that time, the Oechalia where Eurytus lived was not Euboea, but Oechalia in Messenia.
1248 BC | Heracles fell ill and asked Neleus for absolution, but was refused. [Diod. 4.31.4]
1248 BC | Heracles asked Hippocoon in Sparta for absolution, but was refused. [Paus. 3.15.3]
1248 BC | Heracles was absolved by Deiphobus of Amyclae near Sparta. [Diod. 4.31.5]
1248 BC | Heracles served under Omphale in Lydia. [Apo. 2.6.3, Diod. 4.31.5, Herod. 1.7, Tzetzes. 2.420]
** After killing Iphitus, Heracles fell ill and was asked by an oracle to become a slave. [Apo.2.6.3, Diod.4.31.5, Tzetzes.2.420]
** Heracles served under Omphales for three years. [Apo.2.6.2, Tzetzes.2.420]
** At that time, it was customary for anyone who accidentally killed someone to serve a certain period of time under another. [Plut.QuestGr.37]
** During Heracles' service, the Argonauts' expedition, the Calydonian boar hunt, and Theseus' exploits on the Isthmus occurred. [Apo.1.9.19, 2.6.3]
** Omphales' residence is believed to have been at the foot of Mount Timolus, through which the Hyllus River flows in Lydia. [Home.20.379, Paus.1.35.8, Strabo.13.4.5]
1248 BC | Iphitus, son of Naubolus, guided Jason on his visit to Delpi to seek an oracle. [Apo.1.9.16, Apollo.1.207, Home.2.517]
1248 BC: The Argonauts' Expedition [Apo.1.9.16-28, Hyginus.14]
** Theseus joined the expedition from Troezen at the age of 16, the year before going to Athens. [Paus.1.27.8]
** The expedition took place during the reign of Aegeus (1288-1240 BC). [Euseb.Chron.183]
** The expedition was led by the Minyans, but was later revised to include heroes of the time. [FGrH.Nr8.F3]
** The Golden Fleece was a scroll containing instructions for making gold. [Para.Anony.F3]
** Hylas's birthplace, Oechalia, was in Trachis. [Hyginus.14, StephByz.O487.18, Strabo.10.1.10]
** In the 6th century BC | Orpheus of Croton, a town in southern Italy, wrote "The Argonautica." [Suda.omicron.657]
** In the 2nd century BC | Dionysius of Mitylene of Alexandria also wrote about the Argonauts, which Diodorus quoted. [Diod.3.52.3, Suda.delta.1175]
** Jason's companions were 54 people. [Diod.4.41.2]
** Laertes, who does not appear in the 3rd century BC epic poet Apollonius of Rhodes's "Argonautica," appears in Diodorus. [Diod.4.48.5]
1248 BC | Cyzicus, son of Aeneus, was killed in battle against an expedition by the Argonauts, whom he recognized as the Thessalians who had driven out his ancestors. [Apollo.1.936, Apollo.1.961, FGrH.Nr70.F61, Hyginus.16, Hyginus.273]
1248 BC | Polyneices was born in Tenea, Corinth, the son of Oedipus and Euryganeia. [Paus.2.20.5, Hyginus.243]
1247 BC | Chrysothemis, daughter of Carmanor, won the competition to sing the Pythian Apollo Hymn. [Paus.10.7.2]
1247 BC | Mantius, son of Melampus, returned from Aetolia and expelled the descendants of his brothers Abas and Bias from Argos. [Estimated from Pind.Ne.9.10]
** Mantius' son Oecles (or Oecleus) and Mantius' grandson Amphiaraus also emigrated from Aetolia to Argos.
** Since the Argives later participated in Heracles' attack on Elis, it is likely that Eurystheus assisted Mantius in his return.
1247 BC | Talaus was killed by Amphiaraus. [Schol. Pind. N. 9.30b]
1247 BC | Adrastus, son of Talaus, fought with Amphiaraus, a descendant of Melampus, and fled to Polybus in Sicyon. [Apo. 3.6.2, Paus. 2.6.6]
** Polybus was the father of Adrastus's mother, Lysianassa.
1247 BC | Talaus' son Pronax migrated from Argos to the upper reaches of the Nemea River, which flows between Sicyon and Corinth, and founded Nemea. [Estimated from Apo. 3.6.4]
** Pronax married Nemea, daughter of Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, from Corinth, and named the city Nemea. [Apo.1.9.13, estimated from Paus.5.22.6]
1247 BC | Polypheides, son of Abas, son of Melampus, emigrated to Hyperesia in Achaia after fighting with his father. [Home.Od.15.220]
** Polypheides' migration is thought to have been due to internal conflicts in Argos. Near Hyperesia was Pellene, founded by the Argives. [Paus.7.26.12]
** Polypheides also lived in Eleusis. [FGrH.Nr333.F116]
** After Trochilus, son of Callithyia, emigrated to Eleusis in 1580 BC | it is believed that Argos and Eleusis had contact with each other. [Paus.1.14.2]
1247 BC | Abas, son of Melampus, emigrated from Argos to Phyllus near Larisa in Thessaly. [Strabo.9.5.5]
** Abas' son, Idmon, joined the Argonauts from Argos. Until then, the Abas family likely lived in Argos. [Apollo.1.139]
1247 BC | Melampus emigrated to Megara with his grandson, Coeranus. [Estimated from Paus.1.43.5 and Paus.1.44.5]
** Melampus likely emigrated not to Megara to purify Alcathus, but due to internal conflicts in Argos. [Paus.1.43.5]
1247 BC | Peleus defeated Amyntor of Dolopes in battle. Peleus took Amyntor's son, Crantor, as a hostage and made him his shield-bearer. [Ovid.Meta.12.341]
** Amyntor is thought to have been the son of Ctimenus, son of Actor of Dolopes, making him Peleus' cousin.
** Ctimenus's two sons, Eurydamas and Eurytion, participated in the Argonauts' expedition. [Hyginus.14]
1247 BC | Theseus performed feats on the way from Troezen to Athens. [Apo.3.16.1 - E.1.4, Plut.These.15]
** Theseus participated in the Argonauts' expedition from Troezen and the boar hunt in Calydon from Athens. [Hyginus.14, Apocalypse.1.8.2]
** Theseus had long heard of Heracles's fame and longed for greatness himself. [Plut.These.6]
** Greece was in turmoil because Heracles was with Omphale in Lydia. [Plut.These.6]
** When Theseus turned 16, he pushed up the rock, took his father's sword and sandals, and set out on a journey. [Paus.1.27.8]
** A sword and sandals were essential traveling equipment for men. They appear in six places in the Odyssey. [Home.Od.2.1, 4.306, 16.80, 17.1, 20.125, 21.340]
1247 BC | Jason and Medea were given charge of a city by the Corinthians. [Paus.2.3.10]
** Jason succeeded Corinthus. [Paus.2.3.10]
** However, Creon, mentioned in Euripides, likely succeeded Corinthus, and Jason likely succeeded Creon. [Medea.20]
** Jason lived in Corinth for 10 years before his expedition with Heracles in 1237 BC. [Apo.1.9.28]
1247 BC | Meleager, son of Oeneus, married Cleopatra (or Halcyone), daughter of Idas. [Paus.4.2.7]
1247 BC | Philammon, son of Daedalion, won a hymn-singing contest at the Pythia Festival. [Paus.10.7.2]
1246 BC | Calydonian boar hunt [Apo. 1.8.3, Home. 9.544, Hyginus. 173, Paus. 8.45.6-7, Strabo. 10.3.6]
** The fierce battle between the Aetolians and the Curetes lasted six days. [Bacchy. 5.100]
** Only Amphiaraus, son of Oecles, whose mother was Hypermnestra, daughter of Thestius of Pleuron, participated from Argos.
1246 BC | Peleus accidentally killed Eurytion of Phthia during a Calydonian boar hunt and was atoned for by Acastus, son of Pelias. [Apo. 1.8.2, Apo. 3.13.2]
1246 BC | Ischepolis, son of Alcathous, died during a Calydonian boar hunt. [Paus.1.42.6]
1246 BC | Alcathous of Megara killed his son Callipolis when he tried to inform him of Ischepolis' death. [Paus.1.42.6]
** Melampus visited Megara to purify Alcathous. [Paus.1.43.5]
** This story is likely a fabrication, linking the death of Alcathous' sons and Melampus's migration to Megara with the Calydonian boar hunt.
** Melampus' migration to Megara is likely due to internal conflicts in Argos.
1246 BC | Oeneus of Calydon attacked and captured Hipponous of Olenus in Aetolia, taking Periboea as a spoil. [Apo.1.8.4]
1246 BC | the Aenianians were driven out of Dotium by the Lapiths led by Ixion and his son Peirithous. [Strabo.9.4.10, Strabo.9.5.22]
** Some of the Aenianians migrated to the Auas River in Molossia and became known as the Parauaei. [Plut.QuestGr.13]
1246 BC | Peirithous, son of Ixion of Larisa, drove the Centaurs from Mount Pelion. [Apo.2.5.4, Diod.4.70.3, Paus.5.10.8]
** The Centaurs Cheiron lived around Mount Pelion, northeast of Iolcus in Thessaly. [Apo.2.5.4]
** Some of the Centaurs migrated to the region of Aethices, where the Peneius originates. [Strabo.9.5.19]
** Peleus also participated in the battle against the Centaurs. Peleus' shield-bearer, Crantor, son of Amyntor of Dolopes, was killed in battle. [Ovid.Meta.12.341]
** Peirithous claimed the area around Mount Pelion as his territory. [Strabo.9.5.19]
1246 BC | the Perrhaebians, driven by the Lapiths, migrated to the source of the Peneus River. [Strabo.6.2.4, Strabo.9.5.12, Strabo.9.5.19]
1246 BC | Theseus sided with the Lapiths in a battle against the Centaurs. [Plut.These.29]
** Theseus was present at Peirithous' wedding, which sparked the battle. [Diod.4.70.3]
** Butes, father of Hippodameia, wife of Peirithous, is thought to have been Theseus' cousin-in-law.
1246 BC | Theseus traveled from Phalerum to Crete as one of the tributes. [Paus.1.1.2, Paus.1.22.5, Plut.These.15]
** Tribute was paid every ninth year, the third time. [Plut.These.15, 17] The battle with Minos took place in 1264 BC (first tribute) and 1255 BC (second tribute).
** The Cretan kingship lasted for nine years. [Paus.3.2.4]
** Periboea, daughter of Alcathous of Megara, was also one of the tributes. [Paus.1.17.3; 1.42.2] Menesthes, son of Scirus' daughter, was also one of the tributes. [Plut.These.17]
** Minos himself came to welcome the tribute men and women. The Athenians provided the ships carrying the tribute, and the Salamians were at the helm. [Plut.These.17]
** Young Athenian men and women were sent to Crete as servants to be awarded to the winners of the games. [Plut.QuestGr.35, Plut.These.16]
** Their descendants, led by Botton, migrated to Macedonia and became known as the Bottiaeans. [Plut.QuestGr.35, Plut.These.16]
** Aristotle, in his "Constitution of Bottiaea," also mentions that young men and women were sent to Crete as slaves. [Plut.These.16]
1245 BC | Heracles returned to Tiryns after completing his service under Omphale. [Apo.2.6.4]
1245 BC | Heracles participated with Iolaus in the funeral games held by Acastus, son of Pelias of Iolcus. [Apo.3.13.2, Hyginus.273, Paus.5.17.9]
** Hyginus lists the games after those held during the Argonauts' expedition in his chronological order. [Hyginus.273]
1245 BC | Glaucus, son of Sisyphus, was trampled to death by a horse during Pelias's funeral games. [Hyginus.250, Hyginus.273, Paus.6.20.19]
1245 BC | Calliarus, son of Hodoedocus, founded the city of Calliarus near Cynus in Locris. [StephByz.K349.8]
1245 BC | Idas returned to Arene from Calydon.
1245 BC | Minos died.
** According to legend, Minos was killed by Cocalus of the Camic tribe, a sub-tribe of the Sicans, near the Camicus River in southwestern Sicily. [Diod.4.79.2]
** At the time of Theseus' marriage to Phaedra, Deucalion was the ruler of Crete. [Diod.4.62.1]
** Herodotus reports that the Trojan War occurred two generations after Minos' death. [Herod.7.171]
1245 BC | Staphylus, son of Ariadne, emigrated from Naxos to Peparethos. [Diod.5.79.2, Ps-Scym.566]
** Staphylus was accompanied by his brother Peparethus, and it is believed that the island's name changed to Peparethos after Staphylus left.
1245 BC | Oenopion, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, emigrated from Naxos to Chios. [Diod.5.79.1, Paus.7.4.8]
** Oenopion's sons, Talus, Euanthes, Melas, Salagus, and Athamas, also emigrated to Chios with their father. [Paus.7.4.8]
1245 BC | Enyeus, son of Ariadne, emigrated from Naxos to Cyrnus, across from Rhodes. [Diod.5.79.2, Schol.Home.Il.9.668]
1245 BC | the sons of Neleus migrated from Pylus to Lepreatic Pylus in southern Eleia. [Strabo.8.3.7]
1245 BC | Zarex, son of Petraeus, son of Carystus, migrated from Carystus to Delos. [This is presumed because Zarex's son Anius was a priest in Delos.]
1244 BC | Laomedon died. [Dictys.4.22, Home.20.220, Hyginus.89]
1244 BC | those who lost the battle for the Trojan throne fled to Miletus. [Inferred from wiki: Milawata letter]
** It is believed that Priam fled to Miletus, and that Aegestus, grandson of Phaenodamas, temporarily ascended to the throne of Troy.
** Aeneas' father, Anchises, is believed to have fled to Sicily with Aegestus (Acestes) after being attacked by Hattusili III.
** Aeneas was likely born in Sicily. He was the son of the elderly Anchises. [FGrH.Nr2.F39]
1244 BC | Philoctetes settled in Macalla, Croton, in southern Italy. [AristCorp.27.107, Strabo.6.2.5, TzeAdLyco.921-2]
** Philoctetes, son of Poeas, sailed with Anchises, accompanied by Aegestus, who was heading to Sicily. [Strabo.6.2.5]
** Philoctetes's migration was due to civil unrest in Meliboea, Magnesia. [Strabo.6.1.3]
1244 BC | the Mysians and Teucrians launched a major expedition from Thracia to the Ionian Sea. [Herod.7.20]
** Mygdon sided with Antenor and was driven from his home and settled in Paeonia. [Estimated from Diod.5.64.4, Herod.5.12-15, and Herod.7.20]
** At this time, the Mygdonians settled in Paeonia. [Diod.5.64.4, Herod.5.12-15]
** The Idaean Dactyli traveled to Europe with Mygdon. [Diod.5.64.4] They are believed to have later become engineers who helped Midas mine his wealth.
** The expedition to Troy is believed to have been carried out by Mygdon's descendants. [Dares. 18, Home. 2.848, Home. 21.136, Strabo. 7.8.2]
** In 490 BC | some of the Paeonians (Siropaeonians, Paeoplians) were exiled to Asia by Darius's general Megabyzus. [Herod. 5.12-15]
1244 BC | Heracles invaded Ilium. [Apo.2.6.4, Diod.4.32.3, Dares.2-3, Ovid.Meta.11.200, Tzetzes.2.440]
** Participants in the expedition: Heracles, Telamon, Oecles [Apo.2.6.4, Diod.4.32.3-5]
** Participants in the expedition: Heracles, Telamon, Peleus, Castor, Pollux, Nestor [Dares.3]
** The expedition was launched in revenge for the mistreatment of Laomedon off the coast of Troy, where the Argonauts had stopped. [Dares.2]
** At this time, Heracles sent letters to gather allies. [Dares.3]
** Laomedon's daughter, Hesione, was given to Telamon. [Apo.2.6.4, Ovid.Meta.11.200]
** The inhabitants of Salamis in Cyprus at the time of its founding were Trojans. [Athen.256b]
** It is believed that the descendants of Teucer, ruler of Salamis, invented the story that Teucer's mother was Hesione in order to subjugate the inhabitants. [Apo.3.12.7, Hyginus.97]
1244 BC | Heracles fought Eurypylus, son of Astypalaea of Cos, on his way back from Ilium. [Apo.2.7.1, Tzetzes.2.440]
** The story of Heracles and Cos is thought to be fiction, but if it did exist, it is assumed to have taken place as follows:
** Merops, the ruler of Cos, was pursued by Eurypylus, the husband of his daughter Clytia. [Calli.Hym.4.153]
** Heracles fought Eurypylus to bring Merops back. [FGrH.Nr333.F78]
** Chalcodon, who wounded Heracles at this time, was Eurypylus' son. [Apo.2.7.1, ComTheocId.7.5]
1244 BC | Heracles left Cos and fought and defeated giants at Phlegra. [Apo.2.7.1, Tzetzes.2.440]
** Phlegra in Campania, Italy [Diod.4.21.7, Strabo.6.3.5], Phlegra on the Chalcidice Peninsula [Strabo.7.8.3], and Phlegra at an unknown location [Apo.2.7.1, Tzetzes.2.440]. In either case, these are likely fictional.
1244 BC | Heracles fought against Eurymedon, son of Minos, and his allies on the island of Paros. [Apo.2.5.9]
** This is an event from Heracles' ninth labor, but the stories about the Amazons, Paros, and Thasus are likely fictional.
1244 BC | Alcaeus and Sthenelus, sons of Minos' son Androgeus, emigrated from Paros to Thasus. [Apo.2.5.9]
1244 BC | the sons of Neleus of Pylus in southern Eleia fought against the Arcadians over the possession of Chaa. [Home.Il.7.132, Paus.8.11.4, Strabo.8.3.21]
** At that time, Lycurgus was king of Arcadia, but due to his advanced age, Cepheus of Psophis likely took over as king. [FGrH.Nr333.F158]
** Alternatively, Lycurgus may have died of illness during the campaign. His tomb was not in Tegea but in Lepreus near Chaa. [Paus.5.5.5]
1244 BC | Augeas' eldest son, Phyleus, emigrated from Elis to Dulichium (Dulichia) in Acarnania. [Apo.2.5.5, Diod.4.33.4, Home.Il.2.625]
** Dulichium, where Phyleus emigrated, is likely not an island in the Echinades, but Paleis in the western part of Cephallenia. [Paus.5.5.5]
1244 BC | Talaus' son, Adrastus, married Demonassa. [Hyginus.71]
** Since their daughter, Deipyla, must be born in 1243 BC | this marriage is estimated to have occurred in this year.
1244 BC | Augeas held the games at Olympia. [Paus. 5.8.3]
1243 BC | Alcmena, widowed by her second husband, Rhadamanthus, and moved from Boeotia to Tiryns to be with Heracles. [Inferred from Diod. 4.33.2]
** When Heracles moved from Tiryns to Pheneus, his mother Alcmena was with him, so it is likely that they lived together around this time. [Diod. 4.33.2]
1243 BC | Heracles prepared his first army for the attack on Elis. [Apo. 2.7.2]
** The account that the attack on Elis was due to unpaid wages is likely fictional. [Diod. 4.33.1, Paus. 5.1.9]
1243 BC | Augeas learned of Heracles' movements and appointed Actor's sons, Cteatus and Eurytus, as commanders. [Apo.2.7.2, Paus.5.1.10]
1243 BC | Heracles fought an inconclusive battle with Augeas of Elis. [Diodorus.4.33.1, Apo.2.7.3, Paus.5.2.1]
** Dameon, son of Philius, also participated, but was killed by Cteatus, son of Actor. [Paus.6.20.16]
** Diodorus reports that after this battle, Heracles stayed with Dexamenus in the city of Olenus in Achaia. [Diodorus.4.33.1]
** However, Dexamenus' twin daughters were married to Actor's sons, so it is unlikely that Heracles would have stayed with the enemy. [Paus.5.3.3]
1243 BC | Heracles fell ill and a truce was called. [Apo.2.7.2]
1243 BC | Heracles's sons, learning of his illness, attacked him and killed many. [Apo.2.7.2]
1243 BC | Heracles' half-brother Iphicles died of battle wounds in Pheneus, Arcadia. [Apo.2.7.3, Paus.8.14.9]
** Iphicles is also said to have been killed in battle at Lacedaemon. [Plut.Mor.492d]
1243 BC | Amarynceus died. Funeral games were held at Buprasium in Eleia. [Home.Il.23.624]
** Amarynceus was an ally of Augeas of Elis, but he does not appear in the battle with Heracles. [Paus.5.1.10]
** If the funeral games were held, they occurred before the battle with Heracles began and Actor's twin sons were killed.
1243 BC | Heracles attacked and killed Actor's sons, Ceatas and Eurytus, at Cleonae while they were traveling from Hyrmina to Isthmus. [Apo.2.7.2, Diod.4.33.4, Paus.5.2.1]
** Aelianus reports that 360 Cleonaeans who assisted Heracles were killed in the battle. [Aelia.4.5]
** However, since Molione, the mother of Actor's sons, investigated the perpetrators, it appears that the assassination was carried out by a small group. [Paus.5.2.2]
** Pausanias reports that Heracles killed them with arrows. [Paus.2.15.1]
** At that time, Cleonae was inhabited by its founder, Atreus. Atreus' father, Pelops, was Heracles' maternal great-grandfather.
** Heracles was in Tiryns when Elis called on Argos to punish the attackers, so the attack on Cleonae occurred before Heracles was banished from Tiryns. [Paus.5.2.1]
1243 BC | Heracles, along with Alcmena, Iphicles, and Iolaus, emigrated from Tiryns to Pheneus in Arcadia. [Diod.4.33.2]
** It is believed that Eurystheus could not tolerate Elis's demands and forced Heracles to leave.
** At this time, Eurystheus likely had little power, as his sons had not yet reached adulthood.
1243 BC | Thamyris, son of Philammon, won the hymn-singing contest at the Pythia Festival. [Paus. 10.7.2]
1243 BC | Mopsus, son of Ampycus, migrated north-northeast from Oechalia and founded Mopsium near Gyrton. [Hyginus. 14, Strabo. 9.5.22]
1242 BC | Nestor married Eurydice (or Anaxibia), daughter of Clymenus, from Orchomenus. [Home.Od.3.452, Hyginus.97, Apo.1.9.9]
1241 BC | Theseus married Phaedra, daughter of Minos. [Diod.4.62.1]
** Minos' son Deucalion gave Phaedra in marriage to Theseus in order to forge an alliance with the Athenians. [Diod.4.62.1]
** The Minotaur legend likely originated from Theseus' victory over Minos' son Asterius (also known as the Minotaur) in a tournament. [Apo.3.1.4, Paus.2.31.1]
** Ceramus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, the namesake of the Cerameicus district, likely emigrated to Athens with Theseus' wife, Phaedra. [Paus.1.3.1]
** Ceramicus was the Potters' Quarter. [Pliny.35.45.1]
** Cerameis comes from the potter's craft and Ceramus. [Suda.ka.1360]
1241 BC | Theseus stopped on the island of Delos on his way back from Crete to Athens. [Plut.These.21]
** The priest of Delos is presumably Zarex, son of Carystus, son of Chiron, father of Aegeus, father of Theseus. [Plut.These.21]
1241 BC | Hippolytus, son of Theseus and the Amazon Antiope, emigrated to Troezen to succeed his grandfather Pittheus. [Diod.4.62.1]
1241 BC | the Centaurs, driven from Mount Pelion, made Mount Pholoe in Arcadia their base and engaged in banditry. [Apo.2.5.4]
1241 BC | Heracles fought against the Centaurs of Mount Pholoe. [Apo.2.5.4]
** Heracles cooperated with Cepheus of Tegea in this battle, and thereafter Heracles added the Arcadians to his military forces.
1241 BC | the Centaur Chiron died in Malea, Arcadia. [Apo.2.5.4]
1241 BC | Heracles was atoned for the murder of the Centaurs by Eumolpus of Eleusis. [Apo.2.5.12]
1241 BC | Heracles prepared a second expedition to Elis, composed of Argives, Thebans, and Arcadians. [Paus.5.3.1]
** The Epeians of Dyme in Achaia also participated in Heracles' expedition to Elis. [Strabo.8.3.9]
** The Argives were likely led by Oecles and Amphiaraus, sons of Mantius.
** Due to internal conflicts in Argos, the only descendants of Melampus and Bias remaining in Argos were the family of Oecles.
1241 BC | Bellerophontes, son of Glaucus, emigrated from Isthmus to Xanthus in Lycia and married Philonoe, daughter of Iobates. [Apo.2.3.2, Tzetzes.7.850]
** Iobates was the son of Lycus, son of Pandion, and is believed to have summoned Bellerophontes to fight against the surrounding tribes (Solymi). [Strabo.12.8.5]
** Nisus, father of Bellerophontes' mother, Eurynome, was the brother of Iobates' father, Lycus. Bellerophontes and Philonoe were second cousins.
** Proetus wrote a letter to Iobates. [Apo.2.3.1] Proetus lived more than 100 years before Bellerophontes and is believed to have been unable to write letters.
1240 BC | Heracles fought against Augeas of Elis and captured the city. [Apo.2.7.2, Diod.4.33.4, Paus.5.3.1]
** Pylus and Pisa of Eleia joined Elis in the defense. [Paus.5.3.1]
** Hippocoon also sided with Neleus. [Apo.2.7.3]
1240 BC | Heracles' expedition to Pisa, in which he had joined Elis, was called off by an oracle. [Paus.5.3.1]
** Neither Apollodorus nor Diodorus mentions Pisa's participation in Elis; only Pausanias reports it. It is believed not to have actually occurred.
** After Pelops' death, Elis took control of Olympia in place of Pisa and began to exert influence over Pisa, including hosting the Olympic Games.
** It is believed that Eurystheus, upon receiving a petition from Pisa, ordered Heracles to attack Elis. [Apo.2.4.5, Paus.5.8.3]
** Eurystheus and Heracles were descendants of Pelops of Pisa.
1240 BC | Heracles fought against Neleus of Pylus and captured the city. [Apo.2.7.3]
** The Pylus destroyed by Heracles was not the Pylus in Messenia, but the Pylus near Elis.
** Pausanias reports that Heracles campaigned against Pylus in Eleia. [Paus.6.25.2]
** Pausanias reports that the ruins of Pylus destroyed by Heracles were in Eleia. [Paus.6.22.5]
** All 12 sons of Neleus were killed except for Nestor. [Aelia.4.5, Apocalypse.2.7.3, Strabo.8.3.28]
1240 BC | Heracles summoned Phyleus, the son of Augeas, to Elis. [Diod.4.33.4]
** Heracles granted Phyleus's request and showed mercy by pardoning Augeas and returning his captives. [Paus.5.3.3]
1240 BC | Heracles killed Lepreus, ruler of Lepreus in southern Eleia, in single combat. [Aelia.1.24, Athen.412a]
** Lepreus was Heracles' enemy when Heracles demanded payment from Augeas of Elis. [Aelia.1.24]
1240 BC | Heracles made a pledge with the sons of Neleus at Stenyclerus in Messenia. [Paus.4.15.8]
** The pledge likely refers to Nestor in Gerenia and the sons of Neleus's sons who died in battle.
** Upon the return of the Heracleidae, Heracles allegedly entrusted Pylus to Nestor. [Paus.2.18.7]
** Like the fraudulent lottery, this is likely a Dorian invention. Heracles is believed never to have set foot in Messenia.
1240 BC | Evander led a colony from Pallantium in Arcadia to Rome and founded Pallantium. [Antiq.1.31.1-4, Paus.8.43.2]
** 60th year before the Trojan War. [Antiq.1.31.1]
** Faunus welcomed Evander and gave him land. [Antiq.1.31.2, Ita.6.579, Just.43.1]
** The Arcadians brought the alphabet to Italy. [Antiq.1.33.4, Euseb.Chron.269, Hyginus.277, Livius.1.7]
** Evander likely introduced the Pelasgic alphabet, which had been in use since the time of Homer, rather than the Greek alphabet, to Italy. [Diod.3.67.5]
** Evander's colony departed from Cyllene, the outer port of Elis. [DionyGuide.34]
** The 2nd century AD epic poet Dionysius of Alexandria reports that "the Pelasgians, who lived next to the Tyrrhenians on the western side of the Italian peninsula, came from Cyllene." [DionyGuide.34]
** Evander likely traveled overland to Cyllene, northwest of Elis, using the great road from Tegea to Olenus.
** Tegea, Heraea, Olympia, Elis, and Olenus were the ancient great road (the Arkadhia road [Leake M.1.023]).
1240 BC | the Epeans and Pheneans accompanying Evander drove out the Sicels and settled in the Saturnian hills. [Antiq.1.34.2, Antiq.2.1.4]
1240 BC | Evander's brothers, Catillus, Coras, and Tiburnus, founded Tibur. [Solinus.2.6, SerCVAene.7.670]
1240 BC | the Sicels, driven by the Pelasgians and Aborigines, migrated to southern Italy. [FGrH.3.228]
** This was the 26th year of Alcyone's priestessship in Argos, two generations before the Trojan War. (1186 + 27 * 2 = 1240) [Antiq.1.22.3, FGrH.3.228]
** Alcyone was ordained in 1265 BC. (1240 + 26 - 1 = 1265) If Alcyone was ordained at age 18, she was born in 1283 BC. ** Alcyone is thought to have been the sister of Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus of Mycenae. [Apo. 2.4.5, Diod. 4.12.7]
1240 BC | the Sicels migrated to Sicily after being driven by the Oenotrians. [Antiq. 1.22.3, Strabo. 6.1.6]
** At this time, Morgetes also migrated to Sicily and founded Morgantium. [Strabo. 6.2.4, Strabo. 6.1.6]
** Three generations before the Trojan War, in the 26th year of Alcyone's priesthood in Argos. [Antiq. 1.22.3]
** The leader of the migrating Sicels was Straton. [Antiq. 1.22.5]
** The migrants were the Ausonians, led by Sicelus, who gave his name to the tribe and island. [Antiq.1.22.3]
1240 BC | the Pelasgians migrated from Sicily to Acarnania due to the chaos caused by the Sicel migration. [Paus.1.28.3, Diod.19.53, Strabo.9.2.3]
1240 BC | Norax, grandson of Geryones, founded Nora, the island's oldest city, in southeastern Sardinia. [Paus.10.17.5]
1240 BC | Crisus, son of Phocus, migrated from Naubolenses to near Delpi and founded Cirra (later Crisa). [Euri.Scho.Or.33.1]
1239 BC | Heracles held the games at Olympia. [Apo.2.7.2, Paus.5.8.3]
** Heracles held the games during the reign of Aegeus, king of Athens. [Euseb.185]
** The Olympic Games, held by successive powerful men, are thought to have caused Eurystheus to develop hostility toward Heracles.
1239 BC | Aegeus died. Theseus became king of Athens. [Diod.4.61.8, Plut.These.24]
1239 BC | Heracles defeated Hippocoon in battle at Amyclae and Sparta. [Apo.2.7.3, Diod.4.33.6, Tzetzes.2.450]
** According to legend, Heracles attacked Hippocoon because he requested absolution and was refused. [Paus.3.15.3]
** In fact, it is believed that the battle was at the request of Cepheus of Tegea.
** Half of Hippocoon's sons lived in Sparta, he and his remaining sons lived in Amyclae, and Icarius lived in Pharis. [Paus.3.14.7, 3.15.1]
** Cepheus and his 17 sons were killed in battle with Hippocoon. [Apo.2.7.3, Diod.4.33.6]
1238 BC | the Sphinx revolt approached Thebes, and Creon's son Haemon was killed in battle. [Apo.3.5.8]
1238 BC | Oedipus returned to Thebes with the Corinthians and put down the Sphinx revolt. [Paus.9.5.10, Paus.9.26.2]
** Oedipus' sons, Eteocles and Polyneices, did not participate in the battle against Sphinx; Adrastus likely accompanied Oedipus.
** Sphinx's rebellion is believed to have been part of the "Sea Peoples."
** Sphinx appeared off the coast of Anthedon with numerous ships and established a base on a mountain about 550 meters above sea level, approximately 27 km west-southwest of Anthedon, where he ravaged the surrounding area. [Paus.9.26.2]
** The Boeotians called "treacheries" "riddles" (see Athen.456b). [August.City.18.13]
1238 BC | Adrastus made peace with Amphiaraus and returned to Argos. [FGrH.Nr12.F29, Dic: Amphiaraus]
1238 BC | Talaus' daughter, Eriphyle, married Amphiaraus. [Apo.1.9.13, Diod.4.65.6, Hyginus.71]
** Marriage was a condition of reconciliation. [Pind.Ne.9.15]
1238 BC | Bellerophontes led an expedition to combat the Amazons' invasion of the Troid. [Home.Il.6.191, Strabo.12.8.6]
** Bellerophontes' expedition was likely ordered by the Hittites, and likely occurred before Hittite influence had weakened.
** It is likely that Bellerophontes in Lycia, which also came under Hittite control, was sent to support Wilusa (Troy).
** As a result, some Lycians settled around Zeleia near the Aesepus River, giving rise to Lycia in the Troid region. [Strabo.12.4.6]
** The Caucones, who had migrated from Lepreus in Eleia to Lycia, likely also migrated to Tieium on the southern shore of the Black Sea at this time.
1238 BC | Heracles emigrated to Calydon in Aetolia after living in Pheneus in Arcadia for five years. [Diod.4.34.1]
** Because Heracles was associated with many Arcadians, he likely left Peloponnesus to avoid being viewed as an enemy by Eurystheus. [Diod.4.34.1]
** Eurystheus likely urged Heracles to leave Pheneus through his wife's grandfather, Lycurgus, the ruler of Arcadia.
1238 BC | Heracles married Deianeira, daughter of Oeneus of Calydon. [Diod. 4.34.1]
1238 BC | Heracles established a large irrigation area in Calydon via the Achelous River. [Diod. 4.34.1, 4.35.3, Strabo. 10.2.19]
** Heracles likely irrigated Paracheloitis (the flooded area near the mouth of the Achelous River). [Strabo. 10.2.19]
** The Achelous River flowed west of Calydon, west of Pleuron and Curetes. Oeneus's rule likely extended to this area.
1237 BC | Heracles led the Calydonians on an expedition to the land of the Thesprotians, killed Phyleus, and occupied Ephyra. [Apo. 2.7.6, Diod. 4.36.1]
** The Thesprotians' land was located northwest of Acarnania, with their center at Ephyra. Later, Dodona also came under his control. [Strabo.7.7.11]
** There is a legend that Heracles freed Theseus, who had been held captive by Aidoneus of the Molossians. [Plut.Thess.35]
** According to this legend, Theseus lost his power as king of Athens during Heracles' lifetime. However, after Heracles' death, Theseus sided with Heracles' sons against Eurystheus's attack. [Diod.4.57.6]
** Phyleus, son of Augeas, also participated in this expedition and received a breastplate from Euphetes, who was an enemy of Ephyra. [Home.Il.15.531]
** Jason and his sons also participated in this expedition. Mermerus was killed in battle, but Pheres captured Ephyra, and Jason captured the island of Corcyra. [Paus.2.3.9]
** Before the Trojan War, Odysseus visited Ilus, son of Mermerus, son of Pheres, who lived in Ephyra, to seek poison for his arrows. [Home.Od.1.261]
** Icarius and his two sons, Alyzeus and Leucadius, likely also participated in this expedition. [Strabo.10.2.9]
** Ornytion, son of Sisyphus of Corinth, likely also participated in this expedition. [Inferred from Paus.2.3.11]
** Polyidus, son of Coeranus, son of Abas, son of Melampus, likely also participated in this expedition. Polyidus lived in Corinth. [Home.Il.13.663]
** Polyidus married Eurydameia, daughter of Phyleus, who lived in Dulichium, Acarnania. [FGrH.Nr333.F115]
** This marriage was likely made possible by Phyleus's participation in an expedition.
** This expedition was likely the idea of Jason, who had settled on the farthest island of Corcyra.
** Jason, who had traveled to Thebes with Oedipus, likely learned of the riches of the area around Corcyra from the Sphinx (sea people) he had ravaged.
1237 BC | Jason emigrated from Corinth to Corcyra. [Paus.2.3.9]
** Jason's migration was likely motivated by the death of his wife, Medea.
** Jason was accompanied by Mermerus and Pheres, sons of Medea. [Paus.2.3.9]
1237 BC | Taphius, son of Helius, emigrated from the Echinades Islands to the island of Taphos. [Inferred from Apo.2.4.5]
1237 BC | Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, inherited Corinth from Jason. [Home.Il.6.144, Paus.2.3.11]
1237 BC | Oebalus, son of Telon, led the Teleboans from Acarnania to Capreae (near Neapolis) on the Italian peninsula. [Dic:Oebalus, Virg.Aene.7.713]
** Oebalus settled near the Achelous River, and his daughter, Peirene, became the wife of Sisyphus' son, Ornytion. [Inferred from Paus.2.3.11 and the river's name and date]
1237 BC | Icarius' sons, Leucadius and Alyzeus, founded the cities of Leucas and Alyzia. [Strabo.10.2.9]
** At that time, Leucas was not an island but a peninsula. [Strabo.1.3.18, Ps.Scylax.34]
1237 BC | while staying in Ephyra, Heracles instructed Iolaus to colonize the island of Sardinia. [Apo.2.7.6]
** Heracles likely learned from Omphale about the Maeonias' colonization of Sardinia and other islands. [Herod.1.94, Strabo.5.2.2]
** Some legends say that the decision to colonize Sardinia was based on an oracle. [Diod.4.29.3]
1237 BC | Heracles and Dianeira had a son, Hyllus. [Paus.3.18.11]
1237 BC | Tyndareus emigrated from Aetolia to Sparta. [Apo.2.7.3, Diod.4.33.5, Tzetzes.2.450]
** When the Heracleidae returned, they raised the cause that their ancestor Heracles had entrusted Sparta to Tyndareus. [Paus.2.18.7]
** Although Tyndareus was supposedly sent back by Heracles, it is likely that he returned of his own volition to Sparta, now that Hippocoon and Icarius were gone.
1237 BC | Tyndareus' sons (Dioscuri) seized two daughters of Leucippus of Andania and made them their wives. [Paus.3.18.11]
** After this, Eurytus of Oechalia near Andania was also expelled, so it is likely that Leucippus was killed in battle and his daughters were taken prisoner.
** The Dioscuri lived in Therapne. [Pind.Py.11.54]
1237 BC | Eurytus of Oechalia in Messenia was attacked and exiled by Tyndareus of Sparta. [Paus.3.18.11]
1237 BC | Eurytus migrated to Euboea and founded the third Oechalia. [Strabo.10.1.10]
** Eurytus also founded Melaneis (later Eretria), named after his father Melaneus. [Strabo.10.1.10, StephByz.E276.3]
1237 BC | The Battle of Nihriya
** Tudhaliya IV was defeated in battle by King Sulmanu-asared I of Assyria. [wiki: Battle of Niḫriya]
1237 BC | the rebellion of Electryon's son Celaeneus (Piyama-Radu) ended. [wiki: Piyama-Radu]
** Piyama-Radu's rebellion continued from Muwatalli II (1295-72 BC) to Tudhaliya IV (1237-09 BC). [wiki: Piyama-Radu]
** As the Hittites' power weakened and their involvement in Asia Minor diminished, it seems that there was no longer any need to rebel against them.
** The migration of the Arcadians led by Telephus to Mysia attests to this.
1236 BC | Hattusili III destroyed Yalanda, where Piyama-Radu was rebelling. [wiki: Yalanda]
** Hattusili III encountered an ambush by Piyama-Radu's brother Lahurzi, but repelled them. [wiki: Yalanda]
** Yalanda is located west of Wallarima, on the border of Ahhiyawa's territory. [wiki: Yalanda]
** Wallarima is located on the coast near the southern border of Arzawa. [wiki: Wallarima]
1236 BC | Milawata letter (CTH 182)
** Letter from a Hittite king, possibly Hattusili III (1265-35 BC), to his vassal king, Milawata. [wiki: Milawata letter]
** The Hittite king requests that Wilusa hand over Walmu to the Hittites. [Milawata letter]
** Priam's rival for the throne is likely one of Laomedon's sons.
** Miletus is married to Laomedon's daughter, Hesione. It is believed that a rival for the throne in Wilusa fled to Miletus.
** The recipient's father was an enemy of the Hittite king, who installed him as king. [wiki: Milawata letter]
** The recipient's father is Miletus <Atpa>, who is believed to have died in battle with the Hittites.
** The letter mentions Piyama-Radu as a past figure. [wiki: Milawata letter]
1236 BC | Polybus of Sicyon died in his 40th year of reign. [Euseb.175]
1236 BC | Adrastus, son of Lysianassa, daughter of Polybus, succeeded his grandfather as king of Sicyon (for 4 years) [Euseb.175, Paus.2.6.6]
1236 BC | Iolaus set out from Athens with the sons of Thespius' daughters [Diod.4.29.1, Paus.1.29.5]
1236 BC | Iolaus founded Olbia in northeastern Sardinia [Paus.10.17.5]
1236 BC | Heracles and Deianeira had a son, Ctesippus [Apo.2.7.8, Hesiod.98]
1236 BC | Peleus exiled the Minyans, who had murdered Acastus, son of Pelias of Iolcus. [Apo.3.13.7, FGrH.Nr333.F62, Strabo.9.5.15]
** The destruction of Iolcus was caused by a revolt by the Minyans against Acastus' tyranny over Iolcus. [Strabo.9.5.15]
** In 511 BC | Iolcus was mentioned as a possible destination for Hippias's exile. [Herod.5.94]
** In 290 BC | when Demetrias was founded, Iolcus still existed as a town but was absorbed. [Strabo.9.5.15]
** Strabo writes that Iolcus remains destroyed, but this appears to be the central part of the town. [Strabo.9.5.15]
** The 5th-century BC lyric poet Pindar reports that Peleus captured Thetis when he destroyed Iolcus. [Pind.Ne.3.30, FGrH.Nr333.F62]
** Thetis is believed to have been the wife of Acastus' son. [Inferred from FGrH.Nr333.F62]
1236 BC | the Minyans, who lived around Iolcus, emigrated to the island of Lemnos.
** It is believed that this is when the Minyans, who were later expelled by the Pelasgians, settled on Lemnos.
1236 BC | Admetus, son of Pheres, who lived in Pherae, fled to Tamynae in Euboea. [Inferred from FGrH.Nr325.F9]
** There were also Minyans who emigrated to Pherae in Thessaly with Periclymene, daughter of Minyas, mother of Admetus.
** Admetus, the husband of Pelias' daughter Alcestis, was also caught up in the rebellion and fled to Theseus, the son of Alcestis's previous husband, Hippasus. [FGrH.Nr325.F9]
** After Hippasus' death, Alcestis remarried Admetus, taking his son Theseus with her. [FGrH.Nr325.F9]
1236 BC | Laertes, the son of Arcesius, married Anticlia, the daughter of Autolycus of Parnassus. [Apo.E.3.12, Hyginus.97]
** Philonis (or Chione), the mother of Anticlia's father, Autolycus, was fathered by Pandion.
** Cephalus, the father of Arcesius, Laertes' father, was fathered by Pandion.
** Thus, Laertes and Anticlia were second cousins.
1235 BC | Ormenus, son of Cercaphus, founded Ormenium southeast of Iolcus. [Strabo.9.5.18]
** Ormenus, a Lapith, likely assisted Iolcus in his expulsion of the Minyans and gained access to the Pagasaean Gulf.
** Ormenus' mother was Eupolemia, daughter of Myrmidon. Peleus was the son of Ormenus' maternal cousin, Aeacus.
** 1235 BC | Heracles accidentally murdered his relative Ennomus (Eurynomus), son of Architeles, in the home of Oeneus. [Apo.2.7.6, Athen.410f, Diod.4.36.2, Tzetzes.2.450]
** This was three years after Heracles' marriage to Deianeira. [Diod.4.36.2]
1235 BC | Heracles killed the Centaur Nessus at the Evenus River east of Calydon on his way to Trachis. [Apo.2.7.6, Diod.4.36.5, Strabo.10.2.5, Tzetzes.2.450]
** Nessus, a surviving Centaur, engaged in banditry in strategic locations along the roads from Aetolia to Phocis and Thessaly.
1235 BC | a group of settlers led by Iapyx, son of Daedalus, migrated from Crete to the southeastern Italian peninsula. [Herod.7.170, Pliny.3.102, Strabo.6.3.2, Strabo.6.3.6]
** Iapyx is said to have founded Hyria, but it is believed that it was founded by Messapus. [Based on Messapus's birthplace, Hyria]
** According to legend, Iapyx was searching for Glaucus. [Athen.523a]
** Iapyx is believed to have been involved in the same colonization activities as Botton and others. [Strabo.6.3.2, Strabo.7.8.2]
1235 BC | a group of Cretan settlers led by Botton migrated overland from the Adriatic Sea to Macedonia and settled there. [Strabo.6.3.2, Strabo.7.8.2]
** A little north of Pella was Europus, founded by Macedon, son of Aeolus, and Europus, son of Oreithyia, daughter of Cecrops. [StephByz.E287.14]
** The Bottiaeans, driven by the Argeadae, migrated to the land adjacent to the Chalcidians. They remained there during the time of Thucydides. [Thucy.2.99]
** The Bottiaeans founded colonies in Bithynia. First, they called Ankore, then Antigoneia, and finally Nikaia, named after Nikaia, wife of Lysimachos. [StephByz.N474.17]
1235 BC | Cleolaus, son of Minos, migrated from Crete to the southeastern part of the Italian peninsula. The tribe was called Daunii after his son Daunus. [Solinus.2.6]
** Euippe, daughter of Daunus, son of Cleolaus, married Diomedes, son of Tydeus. [Ovid.Meta.14.500, Dic: Daunus]
1235 BC | Idomeneus, son of Deucalion, son of Minos, emigrated from Crete to Calabria. [Estimated from SerCVAene.3.121]
** Calabria is another name for Messapia, Iapygia, and Salentina. [Strabo.6.3.5]
** Idomeneus likely migrated from Crete to the Italian peninsula with Iapyx.
1235 BC | Oeagrus, son of Pierus, emigrated from Thespiae in Boeotia to Pimpleia near Mount Olympus. [Nonnus.13.428]
1235 BC | Heracles traveled from Calydon through the land of Dryopes and arrived at Ceyx in Trachis. [Apo. 2.7.7, Diod. 4.36.5, Paus. 1.32.6]
** Eurystheus likely urged Calydon to expel Heracles through Amphiaraus, son of Oecles, of Argos.
** 1247 BC | Eurystheus likely assisted Melampus' son Mantius, his son Oecles, and his grandson Amphiaraus in returning to Argos.
** Ceyx was likely the son of Actor, son of the Myrmidon, and the brother of Menoetius, father of Patroclus, Heracles's close friend. [Home.2.681, Paus.1.32.6]
** The Melians, led by Ceyx, are believed to be a branch of the Aenianians, driven by Lapiths from the Dotium plain near Ossa. [Apo.2.7.7, Strabo.9.5.22]
1235 BC | Plisthenes, son of Atreus, traveled from Crete to Cleonae to marry Aerope (or Eriphyle), daughter of Catreus. [Apo.3.2.2, Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, Dictys.1.1]
** It is believed that Phliasus, who lived in Phlius, made the long-distance marriage between Crete and Cleonae possible.
** Aerope, daughter of Catreus, and Phliasus, son of Ariadne, were cousins, sharing a common grandfather, Minos.
1235 BC | Thyestes, son of Pelops, died on the island of Cythera.
** When Eurystheus died in 1217 BC and Atreus inherited Mycenae, Thyestes was likely already dead.
1235 BC | Ormenus, son of Cercaphus, migrated from Itonus to the east of Iolcus and founded Ormenion. [Strabo.9.5.21]
1234 BC | Oedipus married Astymedusa, daughter of Sthenelus of Mycenae. [FGrH.Nr333.F95]
** Creon disliked the Argives, due in part to his feud with Heracles. [Dic:Creon]
** This marriage is thought to have been the reason Oedipus was exiled from Thebes.
** Oedipus likely met Astymedusa of Mycenae while he was in Tenea, Corinth.
1234 BC | Heracles and Astyoché, daughter of Phyleus of Ephyra, had a son, Toepolemus. [Apo.2.7.8, Home.2.653]
1234 BC | Achilles, son of Peleus and Thetis, was born in Phthia. [Pind.Py.3.100]
1234 BC | Nauplius, son of Clytonaeus, married Clymene, daughter of Catreus. [Apo.2.1.5, Dictys.1.1]
1233 BC | Hypsipyle, daughter of Thoas, married Pronax, son of Talaus, who lived in Nemea. [Estimated from Apo.3.6.4]
1233 BC | Heracles and Deianeira had a son, Hodites. [Diod.4.37.2, Paus.4.30.1, Apo.2.7.8, Hesiod.98]
1232 BC | Adrastus, son of Talaus, ruled Sicyon for four years and returned to Argos. [Euseb.175, Paus.2.6.6]
1232 BC | Iolaus stayed in Sicily on his way back to Greece. [Diod.4.30.3]
** This is presumably the location of Camici in the south-central part of Sicily, where Daedalus was staying. [Strabo.6.2.6]
1231 BC | Iolaus returned to Trachis from Sardinia. [Diod.4.30.3]
1230 BC | Heracles and Deianeira had a daughter, Macaria. [Paus.1.32.6, Plut.Pelo.21]
1230 BC | Ornytion founded Lechaeum on the Corinthian Gulf and Cenchreae on the Saronic Gulf. [Paus.2.2.3]
1230 BC | Phocus, son of Ornytion, emigrated from Corinth to Tithorea in Phocis. [Paus.2.4.3]
1230 BC | Phoenix, son of Amyntor of Ormenium, fled to Peleus in Phthia and was granted Dolopia. [Home.9.430, Strabo.9.5.11]
** Peleus was the son of Aeacus, the son of Actor, the brother of Eupolemeia, the mother of Ormenus, the father of Amyntor, the father of Phoenix.
** Thus, Peleus was a second cousin of Phoenix's father, Amyntor.
** Phoenix's exile was the result of a dispute with his father, Amyntor. [Home.Il.9.430-]
** Phoenix was given Ctimene by Peleus. [StephByz.A388.17]
** Phoenix lived in Ctimene in Dolopia, near the border with Phthia. [Home.Il.9.484, StephByz.A388.17]
1230 BC | Heracles expelled the Dryopians. [Diod. 4.37.1, Herod. 8.43, Paus. 4.34.9-10]
** Diodorus writes that Heracles killed Phylas, the Dryopes' king, for disrespecting the temple at Delphi, and expelled the Dryopians. [Diod. 4.37.1]
** Herodotus and Pausanias, without mentioning Delphi, write that the Dryopians were expelled by Heracles. [Herod. 8.43, Paus. 4.34.9-10]
** Pausanias's "Historia of the Sack of Delphi" does not mention this either. [Paus. 10.7.1]
** After the Dryopians were expelled, the land was given to the Melians. [Diod. 4.37.1]
** This suggests that Heracles sided with the Melians in their conflict with the Dryopians and expelled them.
** The Dryopians were driven out by Heracles and the Melians. [Diod. 4.37.1, Herod. 8.43]
** The Dryopians came to Dryopis from the region around the Spercheius River. [Strabo. 8.6.13, Strabo. 9.5.9]
** Dryops, three generations before Phylas, who was killed by Heracles, founded Dryops next to Lycoritae near Parnassus. [Paus. 4.34.9]
** Driven out by Heracles, the Dryopians fled to Eurystheus and founded Asine in Argolis. [Diod. 4.37.2]
** Later, the Dryopians were driven out of Asine by the Argives and settled in Lacedaemon. [Paus. 4.8.3]
** Hermione was home to the Dryopians driven out by Heracles. [Herod.8.43]
** Phylas's father is believed to have been Cragaleus. [Antoninus.4]
** The 4th century BC Athenian statesman Aeschines' speech "Against Ctesiphon" (107) mentions Cragalidae, who blasphemed Delphi.
** Diodorus writes that the Dryopians, driven out by Heracles, founded Carystus in southeastern Euboea. [Diodorus.4.37.2]
** Diodorus appears to confuse Carystus with nearby Styra.
** Before being driven out by Heracles, the Dryopians founded Styra in Euboea. [Paus.4.34.11]
** Some Dryopians also likely settled on the island of Cythnos, near Ceos. [Herod.8.46]
** Euphemus, son of Theiodamas (or Theodamas), fled to the island of Lemnos. [This is presumed because Euphemus's descendants lived on Lemnos.]
1230 BC | Euanthes, son of Oenopion, son of Ariadne, emigrated from the island of Chios to Ismarus in Thracia. [Home.Od.9.193, Diod.5.79.2]
** Euanthes is presumed to have been driven out of the island of Chios by the Carians. [Paus.7.4.9]
1230 BC | Telephus of Tegea emigrated to Mysia, where Pergamus was located, with his mother, Auge. [Paus.1.4.6, Strabo.12.8.4]
** The presence of people calling themselves Arcadians in Pergamus suggests this was a mass migration of the inhabitants of Tegea. [Paus.1.4.6]
** Telephus inherited Mysia from his wife's father, Teuthras, and became a powerful ruler. [FGrH.Nr327.F19]
** Near Pergamus, the inhabitants of Azania, founded by the son of Azan, son of Arcas, migrated. [Paus.8.4.3, Paus.10.32.3]
** The Arcadians likely migrated to the Azanoi, located upstream of the Hermus River near Larisa.
** Azan's son was a cousin of Aleus, father of Lycurgus, father of Auge.
** If the migration of the inhabitants of Azania occurred two generations after the founding of the region, it is likely that they were part of Telephus's colony and then separated and settled in the Azanoi.
** Mysia was a territory of the Seha River Land, a Hittite vassal state, but was likely no longer under Hittite control.
** Parthenopaeus, son of Atalata of Schoenus near Tegea, also participated in the migration. [Hyginus.100]
** Historically, Telephus likely fought against Teuthras and married his captured daughter, Argiope. [Diod.4.33.12]
** The story that Auge and Teuthras had a son, Teuthranius, who was killed by Ajax in Troy, is likely a fiction. [Dictys.2.3]
** The story that Telephus and Argiope had a son, Eurypylus, who fought on the Trojan side against the Achaeans, is also likely a fiction. [Dictys.2.3]
1230 BC | Staphylus, son of Ariadne, ceded the island of Peparethos to his brother Peparethus and emigrated to Bybastus in Caria. [Apo.E.1.9, Parthe.1]
1230 BC | Erythrus, son of Rhadamanthus, founded Erythrae across from the island of Chios. [Diod.5.84.3, Paus.7.3.7]
** Tradition has it that Erythrus migrated from Crete, but it is likely that he migrated from the island of Chios. [Paus.7.3.7]
1230 BC | Althaemenes and Apemosyne, children of Catreus, son of Minos, migrated from Crete to Rhodes. [Apo.3.2.1]
1230 BC | Amphithemis, son of Acacallis, daughter of Minos, migrated from Crete to Libya. [Estimated from Apollo. 4.1485]
1230 BC | Oaxos, son of Minos' daughter Acacallis, migrated from Tarra to the area near Mount Ida and founded Oaxos. [StephByz.O482.10]
1230 BC | Phylacides and Philander, sons of Minos' daughter Acacallis, founded Elyrus near Tarra. [Estimated from Paus.10.16.5]
1230 BC | Menippe, daughter of Thamyris, married Oeagrus, who lived in Pimpleia near Mount Olympus, from the northern Chalcidice Peninsula. [Nonnus.13.428, Tze.1.300]
** Oeagrus and Menippe were of the same race, sharing a common ancestor, Magnes, son of Aeolus.
1228 BC | Peleus (52), son of Aeacus, died in Phthia.
** Peleus does not appear in the battle between Heracles and the Lapiths.
** Homer reports that Peleus sent Achilles to Troy. If this is true, Peleus would have been 92 years old. [Home.Il.11.762]
** Achilles was 6 years old when Peleus died.
** Achilles was raised by Phoenix, who lived in Ctimene in the Dolopia region, about 55 km southwest of Phthia. [Home.Il.9.484, StephByz.A388.17]
1227 BC | at the request of Aegimius, Heracles fought against the Lapiths and killed Coronus, son of Caeneus, king of Gyrton. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.37.3]
** At this time, Aegimius promised Hyllus one-third of the land of Doris and kingship. [Diod.4.37.3]
** After Heracles' death, Aegimius adopted Hyllus. [Strabo.9.4.10]
** Hyllus became the leader of one of the three Dorian tribes, so it is likely that he was granted one-third of the land and its inhabitants.
** Heracles' army included Ceyx of Trachis. [Apo.2.7.7]
** Ceyx was the half-brother of Aeacus, the father of Ajax's father, Telamon, and Telamon's uncle.
** Telamon is believed to have participated in Heracles' campaigns with his uncle Ceyx.
** Coronus died, and his daughter Lysidice was taken prisoner and later married to Ajax, son of Telamon.
1227 BC | Heracles killed Laogoras, king of the Dryopes, who sided with the Lapiths. [Apo. 2.7.7, Tzetzes. 2.460]
** After being defeated by Heracles, Dryopes fled to various places, but it is believed he fled to the land of the Lapiths and wiped out any resistance.
1227 BC | Heracles defeated Cycnus, son of Pelopia, in single combat at Itonus. [Apo. 2.7.7, Diod. 4.37.4]
1227 BC | Heracles fought and defeated Ormenius, ruler of Ormenium near Iolcus, and his son Amyntor. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.37.4]
** Protesilaus of Phylace, not a Lapith, either cooperated with Heracles or remained neutral, granting territory west of the gulf south to Antron. [Strabo.9.5.7]
1227 BC | Heracles returned to Trachis after fighting the Lapiths. [Apo.2.7.7]
1226 BC | Oeneus' son, Tydeus, fled to Adrastus and married his daughter, Deipyla. [Apo.1.8.5, Hyginus.97]
** Oeneus' mother, Aeolia, was the sister of Bias, the father of Adrastus's father, Talaus. Tydeus and Adrastus were second cousins, with Amythaon as their common great-grandfather.
1225 BC | Oedipus was exiled from Thebes and fled to Athens with his daughter, Antigone, to live with Theseus. [Apo.3.5.9]
** Antigone's son, Maeon, likely accompanied them to Athens.
** There is a legend that around the time of the return of the Heracleidae, there were Aegeidae in Thebes, descendants of Aegeus of Athens. [FGrH.Nr70.F16]
** Maeon's wife is presumed to have been Aegeus's granddaughter.
** Eteocles and Polyneices, after consultation, decided to alternate the rule of Thebes. [Apo.3.6.1]
1225 BC | Oedipus' son Polyneices fled to Adrastus in Argos. [Apo.3.6.1, Paus.9.5.12]
** Adrastus was the son of Lysianassa, the daughter of Polybus, the adoptive father of Polyneices' father, Oedipus.
** Thus, Polyneices fled to his cousin-in-law, Adrastus.
1225 BC | Oedipus' son Polyneices married Adrastus' daughter, Argia. [Hyginus.72, Paus.9.5.12]
** While living in Sicyon, Adrastus likely met Polyneices, who was in Corinth.
1225 BC | Helen, daughter of Tyndareus, was born in Sparta. [Apo.3.10.6, Paus.5.19.3]
** Helen's mother was likely the daughter or granddaughter of Hippocoon, the young wife whom Tyndareus married after his return.
1225 BC | Meges, son of Phyleus, emigrated from the island of Cephallenia to the Echinades, an archipelago sparsely populated by Taphius, son of Helius.
** Meges named the largest island of the Echinades, Dulichium, the same name as his hometown. [Estimated from Home.Il.2.625, Home.Il.15.518, Apo.2.4.5, Apo.2.4.7]
1225 BC | Nauplius, son of Clytonaeus, was pursued by the Achaeans and exiled to Chalcis on the island of Euboea. [Plut.QuestGr.33]
1225 BC | Teucer emigrated from Salamis to Cyprus and married Eune, daughter of Cinyras. [Paus.1.3.2, TzeAdLyco.450]
1225 BC | Musaeus, son of Thamyris, emigrated from the northern Chalcidice Peninsula to Thebes. [Estimated from Suda.mu.1295]
1224 BC | Heracles summoned the Arcadians, Melians, and Locrians to march against Oechalia. [Apo.2.7.7]
** One theory holds that Heracles's motive for the expedition was that Eurytus was forcing tribute from the Euboeans. [Athen.461f]
** In fact, it is believed that Eurytus, a Lapith, actually cooperated with the Lapiths of Thessaly in their fight against Heracles.
** It is believed that a considerable number of Lapiths fled from Thessaly to Oechalia with Eurytus.
** During the Roman period, Oechalia existed within Eretria, and retained the name of the town Heracles had destroyed. [Strabo.10.1.10]
1224 BC | Heracles attacked Eurytus, who lived in Oechalia in Euboea. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.37.5]
** Eurytus himself and his sons, Toxeus, Molion, and Clytius, were killed in battle, and his daughter Iole was taken prisoner. [Apo.2.7.7, Diod.4.37.5, Hyginus.31]
** Hippasus, son of Ceyx of Trachis, was killed in battle. [Apo.2.7.7]
** Argius and Melas, sons of Licymnius, Heracles' mother's half-brother, were killed in battle. [Apo.2.7.7]
1224 BC | Heracles sailed from Oechalia to Cape Cenaeum in Euboea and performed a sacrifice. [Apo.2.7.7]
1224 BC | Heracles and Deianeira had a son, Gleneus. [Diod. 4.37.2, Paus. 4.30.1, Apo. 2.7.8, Hesiod. 98]
** Gleneus is likely the youngest son, as his nurse, Abia, participated in the return of the Heracleidae. [Paus. 3.15.10, Paus. 4.30.1]
1223 BC | Heracles founded a town called Heraclea in Trachis. [Athen.462a]
** Heraclea was built after the Cylicranes, whom Heracles had summoned from Lydia, had turned into a band of bandits and destroyed their settlement.
** Lydians (Kylikranoi, Cyliks) accompanied Heracles on his expeditions. [Athen.461f]
1223 BC | Heracles willed Hyllus to marry Iole when he reached adulthood. [Apo.2.7.7]
1223 BC | Heracles died in Trachis. [Apo.2.7.7]
** Heracles lived to the age of 52. [Cleme.Exho.2.25, JeromeChro.1196]
** Heracles was short in stature but possessed a powerful mind. [Pind.Is.4.50]
** Small in stature, bristly hair, great strength, slim, lithe, dark, hooked nose, bright eyes, and long, straight hair. [Cleme.Exho.2]
** Heracles' cause of death is unknown, but it is presumed that he died of illness, exacerbated by overwork.
1222 BC | Oeneus' daughter, Gorges (or Gorge), was married to Andraemon of Amphissa from Calydon. [Apo.1.8.1, Hyginus.97, Paus.10.38.5]
1220 BC | the Cephallenians, led by Laertes, son of Arcesius, captured Nericus on the Leucas Peninsula. [Home.Od.24.375, Strabo.1.3.18, Strabo.10.2.8]
1220 BC | the Amazons invaded Athens.
** The Amazons' invasion occurred five years before Adrastus's attack on Thebes. [Parian.Marble.21]
1220 BC | Hyllus was adopted by Aegimius and became the ancestor of the Hylleis, one of the three tribes of the Dorians. [FGrH.Nr70.F15, Strabo.9.4.10]
** The Heracleidae went to the Dorians after Hyllus' death.
** Pamphyli, Dymanes, Hylleis [FGrH.Nr70.F15]
1220 BC | Leches and Cenchrias, two sons of Ornytion, son of Sisyphus, founded Lechaeum and Cenchreae. [Estimated from Paus.2.2.3]
1219 BC | Hyllus married Iole. [Apo.2.8.2]
1219 BC | Tyndareus died and was succeeded by the Dioscuri. [Paus.3.1.5]
1218 BC | Oedipus died in Athens. [Apo.3.5.9, Paus.1.28.7]
** Oedipus was buried in Thebes and later reburied in Athens. [Paus.1.28.7]
1218 BC | the funeral games for Oedipus were held in Thebes, and Mecisteus, son of Talaus, excelled. [Home.23.676, Paus.1.28.7]
** Argea, daughter of Adrastus, attended Oedipus's funeral. [Hesiod.CW.F24]
** Polyneices, who was feuding with Eteocles, likely sent his wife Argea to pay his respects.
** Polybus, father of Mecisteus' mother, Lysianassa, was Oedipus's adoptive father, and Oedipus was Mecisteus's uncle-in-law.
** Amphiaraus was one of those who buried Oedipus. [Hesiod.CW.F99]
** After the death of Oedipus, Polyneices returned to Thebes at the invitation of Eteocles. This was likely prompted by Polyneices's wife's condolences.
1218 BC | Eurystheus threatened to take military action against Ceyx unless it expelled Heracles' children. [Diod.4.57.3, Paus.1.32.6]
1218 BC | the Heracleidae migrated from Trachis to Attica. [Diod. 4.57.4, Paus. 1.32.6]
** The Heracleidae lived in Tricorythus [Diod. 4.57.4, 4.58.3, 4.58.5, 7.7.1] and Marathon [Paus. 1.32.6]
** Iope, one of Theseus' wives, was Iolaus' sister, and Theseus and Iolaus were brothers-in-law. [Plut. These. 29]
1217 BC | Eurystheus invaded Athens, where the Heracleidae lived, and was killed by Iolaus. [Apo. 2.8.1, Paus. 1.44.10, Strabo. 8.6.19]
** This was when all of Heracles' sons had reached adulthood, and a spirit of pride had arisen among the young men for the glory of Heracles. [Diod.4.57.5]
** Admete, daughter of Eurystheus, a priestess of the temple of Hera in Argos, fled to the island of Samos. [Athen.15.672a]
** Argos and Mycenae were fighting over the temple of Hera, but during Eurystheus' time, it was under Mycenae's jurisdiction. [Diod.11.65.2]
** Eurystheus's reign lasted 45 years. [Jerome Chro.1308]
1217 BC | Atreus inherited Mycenae and emigrated from Cleonae to Mycenae. [Diod.4.58.2]
** Cleonae, founded by Atreus, was settled by his brother Cleonymus, and the city's name was changed at that time. [FGrH.Nr2.F3, Paus.2.15.1]
** << Why Atreus inherited Mycenae >>
** After Eurystheus' death, there was no heir, and an oracle predicted that Pelops' son should be king. [FGrH.Nr333.F133]
** When Eurystheus set out to attack Heracleidae, he entrusted Mycenae to Atreus. [Dic:Atreus, Thucy.1.9]
** Atreus was presumably the son of Perseus' daughter, Autochthe. [Dic:Perseus]
** Therefore, Atreus had the right to inherit Mycenae, which had been founded by his grandfather, Perseus.
1216 BC | Iolaus gathered settlers in Athens and emigrated to Sardinia, where he spent the rest of his life. [Paus. 9.23.1]
** Iolaus is believed to have been absent from Greece at the time of Adrastus's attack on Thebes.
** The Athenians founded Ogryle in Sardinia. [Paus. 10.17.5]
1216 BC | Oedipus' son Polyneices returned to Thebes at the invitation of Eteocles. He later returned to exile in Argos. [Apo. 3.6.1, Paus. 9.5.12]
1215 BC | the first Nemean Games were held in memory of Opheltes (or Archemorus), son of Lycurgus (or Lycus), who had been scheduled to participate in the attack on Thebes and died unexpectedly. [Apo.3.6.4, Cleme.Exho.2, Euseb.Pra.2.6, Hyginus.14, Hyginus.74, Hyginus.273, Paus.8.48.2, Pindaros.1]
** The Nemean Games were held every five years. [Hyginus.74]
** Lycurgus, son of Pronax, was a priest of Nemean Zeus. [TzeAdLyco.373]
1215 BC | Tydeus visited Mycenae accompanied by Polyneices, who had been exiled from Thebes. [Home.4.364]
** Mycenae agreed to send reinforcements, but decided not to do so due to ominous omens. [Home.4.364]
** Since the founding of Perseus, Mycenae had been in hostile relations with Argos.
** At the time, Mycenae was under the rule of Atreus, but the names of the hosts are not mentioned in the anecdote.
** The visit of Tydeus and his companions is likely a fiction.
** With the death of Eurystheus, Mycenae had no forces to join the expedition.
1215 BC | Seven Against Thebes [Apo.3.6.1, Hyginus.70, Paus.9.9.1]
** Reinforcements from Argos included Arcadians and Messenians. [Paus.9.9.2, Paus.2.20.5]
** These are believed to be Crethon and Ortilochus, two sons of Diocles of Pharae.
** The Theban reinforcements included Phocians and Phlegyans from the Minyan region. [Paus.9.9.2]
** All generals except Adrastus were killed in battle. [Apo.3.6.8, Paus.9.9.3]
1215 BC | Tydeus returned to Thebes as an emissary and was attacked by the Theban forces. However, he counterattacked, and only Maeon, son of Haemon, survived. [Home.4.364]
1215 BC | Melanippus, son of Astacus, was killed by Amphiaraus. [Apo.3.6.8]
1215 BC | Eteocles and Polyneices were killed in battle. Eteocles' son Laodamas ascended to the throne as king of Thebes, with Creon as his guardian. [Paus.1.39.2]
1215 BC | Theseus made peace with Thebes and buried the bodies of the Argives, which had been abandoned. [Aelia.12.27, Plut.These.29]
** Pausanias reports that Theseus fought against Thebes and removed their remains, or that there were no battle and Thebes allowed it. [Paus.1.39.2]
** The 4th-century BC orator Isocrates reports that Athens threatened Thebes. [Isocra.Pan.170]
** Generals were buried in Eleusis, and soldiers in Eleutherae. [Plut.These.29]
** In the 6th century BC | Eleutherae requested Athens's annexation. [Paus.1.38.8]
** From this time on, Eleutherae appears to have favored Athens over Thebes.
1215 BC | Baton, the charioteer of Amphiaraus, emigrated to Harpyia near Encheleae in Illyria. [Polyb.Fr.2.34]
** This may be a confusion with Baton, the leader of Illyria. [Strabo.7.5.3]
1215 BC | Maron, son of Euanthes, son of Oenopion, founded Maroneia near Ismarus in Thracia. [Diod.1.20.2]
1215 BC | Hyllus invaded the Peloponnesus and occupied its territories. [Apo.2.8.2]
** Mycenae, which had not yet recovered its military strength, was besieged, and Hyllus likely occupied Mydeia and Tiryns. [Pind.Ol.7.20, 75, Strabo.8.6.11]
1215 BC | Alcathous, son of Pelops, died in Megara. [Estimated from Paus.1.42.4]
1215 BC | Ajax, son of Telamon, emigrated from Salamis to Megara and succeeded Alcathous. [Paus.1.42.4]
1214 BC | the Heracleidae retreated to Tricorythus due to a plague that ravaged the Peloponnesus. [Apo.2.8.2, Diod.4.58.4]
** Hyllus received an oracle telling him to return after the third harvest. [Apo.2.8.2]
** The return of Mycenae's power and a falling out between Hyllus and his half-brother Tlepolemus are believed to be the reasons for his withdrawal.
** Tlepolemus did not withdraw with Hyllus and his companions, but instead emigrated to Rhodes. [Apo.2.8.2, Diod.4.58.7]
1214 BC | Alcmena died in Megara. [Paus.1.41.1]
** A dispute arose over whether Alcmena's burial place should be in Argos or Thebes. [Paus.1.41.1]
** However, Alcmena was born in Mydeia and had no connection to Argos.
** Thebes also contained tombs for Amphitryon and Alcmena's grandsons, but it seems they were not buried there.
** Alcmena was buried next to the tomb of Rhadamanthus in Ocaleae, in the territory of Hariatos in Boeotia. [Plut.Lysa.28]
** Alcmena's tomb was reburied in Sparta in the 4th century BC by Agesilaus of Sparta (399-358 BC). [Plut.Mor.577e]
** Alcmena's tomb contained a bronze tablet inscribed in Cretan hieroglyphs, similar to Egyptian script. [Plut.Mor.577e]
** Agesilaus entrusted a copy of the inscription to Eudoxus of Cnidus, who sent it to King Nectanabis of Egypt for decipherment. [Diogenes. 8.87.]
1213 BC | Tlepolemus emigrated to Rhodes. [Apo. 2.8.2, Diod. 4.58.7, Diod. 7.7.1, Home. Il. 2.662, Strabo. 14.2.6]
** Tlepolemus founded Lindus, Ilysus (Ialysus), and Cameirus. [Diod. 4.58.8, Strabo. 14.2.6]
** Tlepolemus remained with his grandmother's brother Licymnius, but Licymnius died of illness. Due to pressure from Mycenae, they likely emigrated to Rhodes.
** Some sources state that Licymnius died in Argos. [Diod. 4.58.7, Diod. 7.7.1, Paus. 2.22.8]
** Tlepolemus stayed in Midea, not Argos, and traveled to Rhodes with the Tirynthians. [Pind. Ol. 7.20, 75]
** Among the Tirynthians was Lebes, presumably the son of Eurystheus' brother Iphitus, who settled in Crete. [Inferred from Pind. Ol. 7.75]
** The acropolis of Tiryns was called Licymna in honor of Licymnius. The tomb of Lycymnius is believed to have been located there. [Strabo.8.6.11]
1213 BC | Lycomedes' daughter Deidamia was married to Achilles of Phthia in Thessaly. [Dictys.4.15, Hyginus.123]
1212 BC | Neoptolemus was born to Achilles and Lycomedes' daughter Deidamia. [Apo.3.13.8, Dictys.4.15, Epic.Cypria.1, Hyginus.97]
** Neoptolemus was born on the island of Scyros. [Strabo.9.5.16, Sopho.Philo.220]
1211 BC | Theseus' wife Phaedra died. [Diod.4.63.2]
1211 BC | Hyllus interpreted the oracle to mean "wait three years and then return," and set out from Tricorythus for Peloponnesus. [Apo.2.8.2]
1211 BC | Atreus, with the Tegeatans and other peoples in his army, marched to battle the Heracleidae. [Diod.4.58.2]
1211 BC | Hyllus was killed in single combat by Echemus of Tegea at Isthmus. [Diod.4.58.4, Herod.9.26]
** It is odd that the Heracleidae side provided a commander-in-chief, while the Peloponnesus side provided a reinforcement rather than a commander-in-chief.
** Agamemnon and Echemus, whom Thyestes exiled, were brothers-in-law through their respective wives.
** The duel between Hyllus and Echemus is fictional, and Hyllus is believed to have been killed in battle.
** Hyllus' tomb was in Megara. [Paus.1.41.2]
1211 BC | Heracleidae went to Aegimius, reclaimed the land their father had entrusted to them, and settled in the Dorian region. [Diod.4.58.6]
** Hyllus' army likely included Ionians, some of whom were killed in battle, likely making Tricorythus unsuitable for them.
** Antiochus, one of the namesakes of Athens and son of Heracles and Meda, daughter of Phylas of Dryopes, continued to live there. [Inferred from Paus.1.5.2]
1211 BC | Macaria, daughter of Heracles and Deianeira, married Demophon, son of Theseus, and remained in Athens. [Estimated from Jerome Chro. 1148]
1210 BC | Theseus took Tyndareus' daughter, Helen, from Idas and hid her in Aphidnae. [Diod.4.63.2, Plut.These.31]
** At the time, Helen was 7 years old [FGrH.Nr4.F168b], 10 years old [Diod.4.63.2], and 12 years old [Apo.E.1.23].
** Idas and Theseus' friend, Peirithous, were of the same race, sharing a common ancestor: Lapithes, the son of Aeolus, the son of Hippotes.
** Idas was the son of Aphareus, the son of Perieres, the son of Aeolus, the son of Lapithes.
** Peirithous was the son of Ixion, the son of Antion, the son of Periphas, the son of Lapithes.
** Idas and Theseus are also thought to have been friends through Peirithous. [Plut.These.30]
1210 BC | Theseus left Athens and traveled to Thesprotis. [Paus.1.18.4, Paus.2.22.6, Paus.3.18.5, Plut.These.31]
** In Aornum in Thesprotis, there is an oracle for summoning the dead. Theseus went there to summon his deceased wife, Phaedra. [Paus.9.30.6]
1210 BC | Theseus' two sons, Demophon and Acamas, fled to Elephenor in Chalcis, Euboea. [Aelia.4.5, Plut.These.35]
** Theseus took his sons to refuge. [Plut.These.35] Demophon and Acamas were exiled by Menestheus. [Aelia.4.5]
** Elephenor, son of Chalcodon, was the brother of Aegeus' wife, Chalciope, and thus the brother of Theseus's mother-in-law.
1210 BC | the Dioscuri captured Aphidnae in Athens and brought Helen back to Lacedaemon. [Paus.2.22.6]
** Timalcus, son of Megareus, also participated in the expedition and is said to have been killed by Theseus, but Theseus was absent and no battle took place. [Paus.1.41.3-4, Paus.3.18.5]
1210 BC | the Dioscuri were adopted by Aphidnus in order to be initiated into the Mysteries of Eleusis. [Plut.These.33]
** Non-citizens of Athens had to be adopted by a citizen of Athens in order to be initiated.
** By the time of the Persian Wars, Greeks were allowed to enter the institution. [Herod.8.65]
1210 BC | Theseus returned to Athens, but was unable to suppress the resentment of the local people, and he cursed the Athenians at Gargettus. [Plut.These.35]
1209 BC | Theseus fled to the island of Scyros, where he was murdered by Lycomedes. [Paus.1.17.6, Plut.These.35, Plut.Cimon.6]
** Theseus was exiled on the false slander of Lycus and murdered by Lycomedes out of jealousy. [Suda.th.368]
1209 BC | Menestheus became king of Athens. [Euseb.185]
** Theseus likely lost ground when the Heracleidae migrated from Tricorythus to the Dorian lands.
** The Dioscuri cooperated with Menestheus. [Paus.1.17.5]
** The Dioscuri brought Menestheus back. [Apo.E.1.23]
** The Dioscuri, at Menestheus's urging, attacked Athens. [Plut.These.32]
** The Dioscuri bestowed the throne on Menestheus. [Aelia.4.5]
** Historically, it is believed that Menestheus, plotting to seize power while Theseus was away, exploited the Dioscuri who had come to Athens to recapture Helen.
1209 BC | Tyndareus' sons, Castor and Polydeuces (Dioscuri), were killed fighting the Messenians. [Apo.3.11.2]
** Pausanias records that the Dioscuri succeeded their father, Tyndareus. [Paus.3.1.5, 3.17.2]
** However, they had sons, making it difficult for their son-in-law, Menelaus, to inherit Sparta.
** It is more likely that the Dioscuri died before their father and that Tyndareus entrusted Sparta to Menelaus. [Apo.3.11.2]
1209 BC | Idas and Lynceus died fighting the sons of Tyndareus. [Apo.3.11.2]
** Idas killed Castor. [Apo.3.11.2]
** In the ensuing battle, Polydeuces killed Lynceus. [Apo.3.11.2, Paus.3.14.7, Paus.4.3.1]
** Idas killed Polydeuces and then died. [Apo.3.11.2, Paus.4.3.1]
** The Dioscuri helped Menestheus become king of Athens, so it's likely that Idas and Lynceus died around this time. [Aelian.4.5, Paus.1.17.5]
1209 BC | Nestor succeeded Idas and moved to Messenia near Arene, where he founded Pylus. [Paus.4.3.1, Paus.4.3.7]
** Nestor likely succeeded Idas as his son-in-law.
1209 BC | Tyndareus' daughter, Clytaemnestra, married Agamemnon of Mycenae. [Tzetzes.1.460, Paus.2.22.3]
1209 BC | Epigoni's attack on Thebes [Apo.3.7.2, Diod.4.66.1, Paus.9.9.4, Paus.9.5.13]
** Ten years after Adrastus's attack on Thebes, during the reign of Laodamas, son of Eteocles. [Apo.3.7.2]
** Commanded by Alcmaeon, son of Amphiaraus. [Apo.3.7.2, Diod.4.66.1]
** Commanded by the sons of Polyneices. [Paus.9.33.1]
** Commanded by Thersander, son of Polyneices. [Paus.7.3.1]
** Reinforcements for the Theban forces came from cities surrounding Thebes. [Paus. 9.9.4]
** The Argosian reinforcements included Messenians, Arcadians, Corinthians, and Megarians. [Paus. 9.9.4]
** Hippolytus, son of Theseus, was killed when his chariot overturned and dragged him along. [Apo. E. 1.19, Diod. 4.62.3, Paus. 2.32.10]
** Hippolytus is believed to have died in battle while participating in the Epigoni. [Paus. 2.32.1]
** Troezen was home to a temple to Hippolytus founded by Diomedes. Hippolytus and Diomedes were contemporaries.
** After the Epigoni's attack on Thebes, the power of Thebes is believed to have declined sharply for the following reasons:
** 1) A rapid decline in population due to deaths in battles with the Argives and migration to various places (Illyria, Euboea, Acarnania, Asia Minor).
** 2) The difficulties faced by Thersander and his son Tisamenus, both natives of Argos, in governing after the departure of the Argives.
** As evidence of this, little is known about the events that followed the Epigoni's attack on Thebes, until Autesion, the son of Thersander's son Tisamenus, left Thebes.
1205 BC | the Epigoni sailed from Argos and landed at Aulis. The Thebans waited at Glisas, and a battle ensued. [Paus.9.5.13]
1205 BC | Thersander, son of Polyneices, became king of Thebes. [Paus.9.5.14]
** Thebes was occupied at least twice, from 1324 BC | when Amphion surrounded the city with walls, until it was occupied by the Epigoni.
** 1) 1300 BC | Phlegyes under Eurymachus [FGrH.Nr333.F41]
** 2) 1256 BC | Minyans under Erginus, son of Clymenus [Apo.2.4.11]
1205 BC | people fleeing Thebes gathered at Tilphossaeum near Alalcomenae. [Diod.4.66.5]
1205 BC | the prophet Tiresias died at the spring of Tilphusa while fleeing Thebes. [Apo.3.7.3]
** Tiresias died in Haliantia while accompanying the Argives to Delphi. [Paus.7.3.1, Paus.9.33.1]
** Tiresias' daughter Manto was taken to Delphi as the best of the spoils. [Apo.3.7.4]
1205 BC | Tiresias' daughter, Manto, was taken prisoner by Alcmaeon, son of Amphiaraus. [Apo.3.7.7]
** Later, Alcmaeon and Manto had a son, Amphilochus, and a daughter, Tisiphone. [Apo.3.7.7]
1205 BC | Eteocles' son, Laodamas, emigrated from Thebes to Illyria among the Encheleans. [Herod.5.61, Paus.9.5.13, Paus.9.8.6]
1205 BC | some Thebans split off and emigrated to Homole in Thessaly instead of going to Illyria. [Paus.9.8.6-7]
1205 BC | some Thebans founded Hestiaea (Histiaea) in northern Euboea. [Apo.3.7.3]
1205 BC | some Thebans hid in Alalcomenia and Mount Tilphosium, southwest of Lake Copais, until the Argives left. [Diod.19.53]
1205 BC | Adrastus accompanied the Epigoni on their attack on Thebes and died in Megara on the way back. [Paus.1.43.1]
1205 BC | the Pelasgians of Cabeiraea, about 5 km west of Thebes, emigrated to Athens. [Herod.2.51, Paus.9.25.7]
1205 BC | Atreus' grandson Menelaus married Helen, daughter of Tyndareus of Sparta. [Hyginus.78, Paus.2.22.6]
1205 BC | Menelaus received the kingship of Lacedaemon from his father-in-law, Tyndareus. [Apo.3.11.2, Apo.E.2.16, Hyginus.78]
** Tyndareus is presumed to have died before the Dioscuri. The legend that Menelaus inherited the throne from Tyndareus is likely a fabrication.
** Agamemnon annexed Laconia to Mycenae, and Menelaus took possession of it. [Strabo.8.6.10]
1205 BC | Britomartis, daughter of Carme, daughter of Eubulus, son of Carmanor, emigrated from Crete to Aegina. [Antoninus.40]
1204 BC | Alcmaeon invaded Acarnania and founded Argos (later Argos-Amphilochicum). [Strabo.7.7.7, Strabo.10.2.25]
** Alcmaeon, accompanied by Manto and other prisoners, headed for Illyria, founding Astacus near the mouth of the Achelous River along the way. [Estimated from Strabo.10.2.21]
** Diomedes' ally was not Alcmaeon, but Sthenelus, son of Capaneus. [Hygnius.175]
** Alcmaeon's motivation for the Acarnania campaign appears to have been the desire of the prisoners to go to Illyria.
** Evarchus, the tyrant of Astacus during the Peloponnesian War, is thought to be a descendant of Sparti, who was among the prisoners of war held by the Epigoni. [Inferred from Memnon.12.1]
** Alcmaeon was a descendant of Melampus, and the descendants of his sons, Acarnan and Amphoterus, likely taught Hesiod the art of prophecy. [Paus.9.31.5]
** Hesiod was killed at Oineon, about 15 km east of Naupactus. [Plut.Mor.969e, Thyc.3.96]
** Hesiod likely traveled between Acarnania and Boeotia.
** Megistias, a seer from Acarnania who participated in the Battle of Thermopylae, was a descendant of Melampus. [Herod.7.221]
** Alcmaeon's brother, Amphilochus, also participated in this expedition and likely never returned to Argos. [Apo.3.7.7]
** Thucydides records that Amphilochus participated in the Troy campaign. [Thucy.2.68]
** However, for the following reasons, it is presumed that Alcmaeon's younger brother, Amphilochus, did not participate in the Troy campaign.
** 1 If both brothers participated in the Epigoni's attack on Thebes, it is unlikely that the younger brother would not have participated in the founding of his brother's distant city.
** 2 It is unlikely that Alcmaeon refused Agamemnon's request and participated in the Troy campaign alone.
** 3 Homer does not mention Amphilochus.
** 4 Homer lists three generals of Argos. [Home.Il.2.557]
** 1) Sthenelus, son of Capaneus, of the Anaxagoridae [Paus.2.30.10], the main family of the three royal houses of Argos.
** 2) Diomedes, acting for Cyanippus, son of Aegialeus, son of Adrastus, son of Talaus, of the Biantidae [Dic: Bias], the royal house of Bias.
** 3) Euryalus, son of Mecisteus, son of Talaus, of the royal house of Bias.
** If Amphilochus's expedition to Troy is true, he would be listed as a general of the Melampodidae [Paus.6.17.6], one of the three royal houses of Argos.
** 5 While the names of Amphilochus's brother Alcmaeon are known to have many wives and children, the identity of Amphilochus's wife and children is unknown, and he is believed to have left Greece at a young age.
** 6 Many sources confuse him with the son of his brother Alcmaeon and Manto, born in Colophon, Asia Minor, and died in Mallus, Cilicia.
1203 BC | Thersander of Thebes recalled those who had fled to Homole, pursued by the Epigoni. [Diod.19.53, Paus.9.8.7, Strabo.9.2.3]
1203 BC | Atreus died, and Agamemnon became king of Mycenae. [Euseb.177]
** Troy fell in Agamemnon's 18th year. [Cleme.Str.1.21, Tatian.39]
** Agamemnon ruled Mycenae for 30 (35) years, and Troy fell in his 18th year. [Euseb.Chron.179, (JeromeChro.1197)]
** Agamemnon and Menelaus returned to Mycenae at the head of the Lacedaemonians. [Tzetzes.1.460]
** They ordered Thyestes and his son Aegisthus to live on the island of Cythera, off the coast of the Gulf of Laconia. [FGrH.10.11, Tzetzes.1.460]
** Thyestes died on the island of Cythera. [Estimated from Home.Od.4.512]
1202 BC | Oeneus, pursued by the sons of Agrius, fled Calydon to Diomedes in Argos. [Paus.2.25.2]
1202 BC | Diomedes led an expedition to Aetolia to avenge his grandfather Oeneus, who had been exiled from Calydon. [Paus.2.25.2]
** Diomedes' ally was not Alcmaeon, son of Amphiaraus [Apo.1.8.6, Strabo.10.2.25], but Sthenelus, son of Capaneus [Hygnius.175].
** Sthenelus was a close friend of Diomedes. [Hygnius.257]
** The sons of Agrius, son of Parthaon of Pleuron, an enemy of Oeneus, were cousins of Alcmaeon.
** It is unlikely that Alcmaeon would have assisted his kin in a war against his own family.
** Diomedes's Aetolia campaign took place after the Epigoni's attack on Thebes. [Strabo.7.7.7]
** Oeneus died before the Trojan War, so Diomedes' Aetolia campaign took place before the Trojan War. [Home.Il.14.117]
** Diomedes entrusted Aetolia to Andraemon, son-in-law of Oeneus of Amphissa. [Apo.1.8.6]
** Diomedes fought against Agrius and his sons. [Antoninus.37]
** The Thestius and Agrius families fled to the interior of Aetolia and founded Thestia and Agrinium. [LeakeN.1.155]
** Thestia and Agrinium belonged to Eurytania, the largest region in terms of number. [LeakeN.2.623]
** Thestia and Agrinium existed when Philip V, King of Macedonia, attacked the Aetolians in 218 BC. [Polyb.5.7]
1202 BC | Alcmaeon married Callirhoe, daughter of Achelous. [Paus.8.24.9]
** Hypermnestra, wife of Oecles, father of Amphiaraus, father of Alcmaeon, was a descendant of Pleuron, son of Aetolus. Callirhoe's maternal ancestor was also Pleuron.
1202 BC | Agamemnon attacked Argos and brought it under Mycenae control. [Strabo.10.2.25]
** Agamemnon targeted the Argives while many of them were on an expedition to Aetolia with Diomedes. [Strabo.10.2.25]
1202 BC | Oeneus left Calydon in the care of his son-in-law, Andraemon, and went to Argos with his grandson, Diomedes, where he died. [Apocalypse 1.8.6, Paus 2.25.2]
** According to legend, Oeneus was killed by the sons of Agrius in Arcadia while traveling to Argos with his grandson Diomedes. [Apocalypse 1.8.6]
1200 BC | Nestor visited Asclepius in Tricca, Thessaly. [Estimated from Strabo. 1.1.16]
** He inherited Messenia from Idas, but when the Lapiths in his territory disobeyed him, Nestor likely used the influential Lapiths of Thessaly to his advantage.
** He likely brokered a marriage between Anticleia, daughter of Diocles of Pharae, and Machaon, son of Asclepius. [Paus. 4.3.1]
** Nestor brought back the remains of Machaon, who was killed in battle at Troy, and buried them in Gerenia. [Paus. 3.26.9-10]
1200 BC | Machaon, son of Asclepius, married Anticleia, daughter of Diocles, from Pharae, Messenia. [Paus.4.30.3]
1200 BC | the Gephyraeans around Tanagra, pursued by Poemander, grandson of Poemander, son of Chaeresilaus, migrated to Athens. [Herod.5.57, Paus.9.20.1]
** Shortly after Epigoni's attack on Thebes, the Gephyraeans, pursued by the Boeotians, migrated to Athens. [Herod.5.61]
** This likely repays the debt they owed to the Athenians who were pursued by Eumolpus in 1415 BC. [Suda.Delta.1395]
1200 BC | Rhacius, son of Lebes, migrated from Crete to Asia Minor and founded Colophon. [Paus.7.3.1]
** Some sources suggest that Mopsus founded Colophon. [PompoMela.1.88] The town of Colophon likely did not exist during the Trojan War.
1200 BC | Admete, daughter of Eurystheus, emigrated to the island of Samos. [Athen.15.672a]
** Admete was a priestess at the temple of Hera in Argos. [Newton.139]
** Admete likely traveled to Lebes and Crete, then traveled to Asia Minor with Rhacius and emigrated to the island of Samos.
1200 BC | Zacynthus, son of Dardanus, emigrated from Psophis in Arcadia to the island of Zacynthus. [Paus.8.24.3]
** Psophis in Arcadia was called Phegia during the Epigoni's attack on Thebes. He participated in the Trojan expedition from the island of Zacynthus.
** Therefore, Zacynthus's migration is likely to have occurred around this time. [Paus.8.24.8, Home.Il.2.631]
1200 BC | Agamemnon annexed Laconia to Mycenae, and Menelaus took possession of Laconia. [Strabo.8.6.10]
1198 BC | Helen was abducted to Troy. [Apo.E.3.1-5, Dictys.1.3]
** Two years after Helen's abduction, preparations were completed and an expedition to Troy was launched. [Apo.E.3.18]
** Helen was buried in Therapne, near Sparta. [Paus.3.19.9]
1197 BC | Hermione, the daughter of Menelaus and Helen, was born in Sparta. [Apo.E.3.3, Paus.10.16.4]
** Hermione's birth is dated to nine years before the Trojan expedition.
** Hermione was nine years old when Helen was abducted to Troy. [Apo.E.3.3]
1196 BC: The event known as the First Trojan Expedition.
** Agamemnon's expedition failed after mistaking Mysia for Troy and landing there. [Apo.E.3.17, Strabo.1.1.17]
** Achilles commanded the navy at the age of 15. [Apo.E.3.16]
** This was in the 13th year of the reign of Menestheus, King of Athens [1209-1186 BC]. [Parian.Marble.23]
** Alcmaeon, who led the Epigoni, was the brother of Thersander's wife, Demonassa, and was the benefactor who restored Thersander to the throne of Thebes.
** Alcmaeon had two children with Tiresias' daughter, Manto. He later invaded Aetolia and married Callirhoe in Acarnania. [Paus.8.24.9]
** Alcmaeon entrusted Thersander with the Epigoni's captives and Manto, who wished to emigrate to a new land.
1196 BC | Thersander went to join Telephus, who had emigrated from Tegea to Mysia, but died there. [Apo.E.3.17, Strabo.1.1.17]
** Tlesimenes and Biantes, two sons of Telephus' cousin Parthenopaeus, joined the Epigoni's attack on Thebes from Mysia. [Hyginus.71]
** Tlesimenes and Biantes were comrades in arms with Alcmaeon and Thersander, and guided them to Mysia.
** Telephus's strength was so well-known that it gave rise to a proverb that it was easy to ravage Mysia when Telephus was away. [FGrH.Nr327.F19]
** This proverb also influenced the legend that Thersander was killed by Telephus after landing in Mysia by mistake, thinking he was Troy.
1196 BC | Tiresias' daughter Manto traveled south from Mysia and settled with the Cretans living in Colophon. [Paus.7.3.2, Paus.9.33.2]
1196 BC | Manto married Rhacius, son of Lebes, a Mycenaean immigrant from Crete to Colophon. [Epic.Epigoni.3]
** Rhacius wept when he heard from Manto about the fall of Thebes. [Epic.Epigoni.3]
** Rhacius's father, Lebes, was likely the son of Iphitus, son of Sthenelus of Mycenae. [Epic.Epigoni.3]
** Astymedusa (sister of Eurystheus), the sister of Iphitus, father of Lebes, father of Rhacius, was the wife of Oedipus of Thebes. [Estimated from FGrH.333.95]
1194 BC | Manto founded the oracle of Apollo at Clarus, on the seashore near Colophon. [Photios.186.6]
1190 BC | Macedon, son of Maron, son of Euanthes, emigrated to the region of Macedonia. [Diod.1.20.3]
** Diodorus reports that Macedonia was named after Macedon. [Diod.1.20.3]
1190 BC | Agamemnon appointed Euneus of Nemea as ruler of the island of Lemnos to use it as a supply base for the Trojan expedition.
** The inhabitants of Lemnos were settlers from Naxos, led by Thoas, father of Euneus's mother, Hypsipyle, and Minyans who had fled from Thessay.
** In order to gain the support of both inhabitants, Agamemnon likely spread the falsehood that Euneus was the son of Jason, who led the expedition of Hypsipyle and the Argonauts.
** Historical sources identify Euneus' father as Jason [Apo. 1.9.17, FGrH. No. 12.F14, Home. Il. 7.464; 23.738, Hyginus. 15, 273, Statius. 6.340, Strabo. 1.2.38]
** For the following reasons, Euneus is believed to be the son of Pronax, son of Talaus of Nemea, and Hypsipyle.
** (Reason 1) At the time of the Argonauts' expedition, Hypsipyle, daughter of Thoas, daughter of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, was about seven years old.
** (Reason 2) In addition to Euneus, Hypsipyle and Jason had a son, Nebrophonus (or Deipylus). [Apo. 1.9.17, Hyginus. 273]
** The circumstances surrounding Hypsipyle's arrival in Nemea, from the island of Lemnos, are hypothesized as follows:
** Hypsipyle, daughter of Thoas, who lived on the island of Lemnos, is believed to have been orphaned after the death of her parents and adopted by Phliasus.
** Some people migrated to Lemnos from Naxos along with Thoas and are believed to have participated in Dionysus' (Oenarus') expedition.
** Hypsipyle's parents are believed to have died of plague, which ravaged Lemnos. [Thucy.2.47]
** Hypsipyle was adopted by her uncle and raised in Phlius. When she reached marriageable age, she married Pronax of Nemea, about 7 km from Phlius.
** Alternatively, Hypsipyle lived in Phlius as an adopted daughter of her uncle, unrelated to the Argonauts' expedition.
1190 BC | Agamemnon attacked and subjugated Hippolytus, son of Rhopalus of Sicyon. [Paus.2.6.7]
1190 BC | Achilles attacked Poemander of Tanagra, who refused to join his expedition. [Plut.QuestGr.37]
** This likely led to continued conflict between Thebes and Eleutherae. In the 6th century BC | Eleutherae desired to become part of Athens. [Paus.1.38.8]
1190 BC | Poemander of Tanagra accidentally murdered his own son and was purified by Elephenor of Chalcis. [Plut.QuestGr.37]
1190 BC | Pylades, son of Strophius, son of Crisus, son of Phocus, migrated south from Crissa and founded Cirrha on the shores of the Gulf of Crissa. [Pind.Py.11]
1190 BC | Agamemnon's son, Halaesus, emigrated from Mycenae to Falerii in Italy. [Ovid.Fasti.4.63, Strabo.5.2.9]
** Halaesus also had connections to Alsium, about 46 km south-southwest of Falerii. [ItaPunica.1.1]
1190 BC | Agamemnon's daughter, Iphigenia, married Philaeus, son of Ajax, who lived in Megara.
** Philaeus' wife is believed to have been Agamemnon's daughter, Iphigenia. The reason for this is as follows:
** Philaeus likely lived in Megara with his father, Ajax, king of Megara, and the hero's mausoleum to Iphigenia was located in that city. [Paus.1.42.4, Paus.1.43.1]
** Iphigenia is believed to have become a priestess of Artemis and died in Brauron. [Eur.IT.1464]
** Iphigenia's brother, Hyperion, succeeded her as king of Megara. [Paus.1.43.3]
1190 BC | the Pelasgians of Ravenna in the northeastern part of the Italian peninsula migrated to Thesprotia due to oppression by the Tyrrhenians. [Estimated from Strabo.5.1.7]
** 1390 BC | the Pelasgians who had migrated from Thessaly to Ravenna returned to Thessaly. [Strabo.5.1.7]
1189 BC | Alcmaeon was killed in Arcadia by Phegeus' sons, Temenus and Axion. [Paus.8.24.10]
** Since Alcmaeon refused Agamemnon's request to join the Trojan expedition, it is unlikely that he left the city he founded in Acarnania.
1189 BC | Menelaus held a council of the expedition's participants at Heilenium in Sparta. [Dares.10, Paus.3.12.6]
1188 BC | Laomedon's son Priam died.
1188 BC | at the Temple of Hera in Argos, the participants in the Trojan expedition voted for their preferred commander-in-chief, and Agamemnon was elected. [Dictys.1.16]
1188 BC | the Argives, who participated in the Troy expedition, vowed to conquer Troy at the site of Tantalus's urn in Argos. [Paus.2.22.2]
1188 BC | the Second Troy Expedition, led by Agamemnon as its commander-in-chief, took place eight years after the events of the First Troy Expedition. [Apo.E.3.19]
** After gathering at the port of Phalerum in Athens, Achilles and Patroclus, representing the Troy Expedition, traveled to Aulis after receiving an oracle from Delphi. [Dares.14, Paus.1.1.2]
** Telamon saw off the ships from Athens bound for Aulis from Salamis. [Paus.1.35.3, Paus.8.28.4]
** The fighting lasted for ten years. [Athen.343d, Apo.E.3.19, Apo.E.5.8, Dictys.3.23, DioChry.7.96, Diod.37.1.2, Demosthenes (Funeral Speech.10), GrAntho (5.139 and many others), Hyginus.108, Isocrates (To Philip.111, Panegyricus.83), Ovid.Meta.13.640, Plato.Laws.682), PlutMor.350e, Thucy.1.11, Virgil.Aeneid.8.370]
** Protesilaus, son of Iphiclus, was the first to arrive at Troy. [Arr.1.11.5, Apo.E.3.30, Dictys.2.11, Hyginus.103]
** Protesilaus' tomb is in Elaeus in Chersonese. [Arr.1.115, GrAntho.7.141, Herod.9.116, HygAstro.2.40.3, Pliny.16.238]
** Elaeusa [HygAstro.2.40.3] Elaious [PhiloHero.672] Eleus [Strabo.Fr.51] Elaeus [Arr.1.11.5]
** Protesilaus was repelled, killed in battle, and buried in Elaeus. Protesilaus's campaign may have taken place during the Trojan civil war of 1236 BC.
** << Reasons why the campaign may not have lasted more than 10 years >>
** Troy fell in Agamemnon's 18th year of reign. [Euseb.Chron.179, Cleme.Str.1.21, JeromeChro.1197, Tatian.39]
** Before the Trojan campaign, Agamemnon had already controlled Achaia, Argolis, and the coastal region of Messenia. [Home.Il.2.569, Home.Il.9.150, Strabo.8.4.1]
** Eight years is likely too short for Agamemnon to control half of the Peloponnesus.
** << Reasons why the campaign may not have lasted more than one year >>
** The sons of Ajax, son of Telamon, who died during the Trojan campaign, and the captive women, lived in Athens. [Dictys.5.16, Plut.Arist.19, Harp10Orat.e.167]
** While it may be true that he was away for several years, it is unlikely that he would have stayed for ten years in a place that could be reached in three or four days. [Home.Il.9.356, Home.Od.3.151]
1188 BC | Euneus of Lemnos welcomed and supplied the Trojan expeditionary force. [Home.Il.2.716, Home.Il.7.464, Home.Il.8.212]
1188 BC | Achilles attacked the Lesbians, who were allied with Troy. He killed Phorbas and took his daughter Diomedea as a trophy. [Dictys.2.16, Home.9.656]
1188 BC | Achilles attacked Miletus and killed Trambelus, king of the Leleges. [Athen.43d]
1188 BC | Agamemnon settled the inhabitants of Tenedos, located off the coast of Troy, in Tenea, Argolis. [Paus.2.5.4]
** Melicertes (Palaemon), son of Ino, daughter of Cadmus, was revered in Tenedos and sometimes offered infant sacrifices. [TzeAdLyco.229]
1188 BC | Ajax, son of Telamon, killed Teuthras, ruler of the Phrygians, and took his daughter Tecmessa captive. [Dictys.2.18]
** This Teuthras was not the stepfather of Telephus of Mysia. He was likely the ruler of Phrygia near the Hellespont, near Chersonese.
1188 BC | the Pelasgians, who had migrated from Sicily and lived in Acarnania, invaded Boeotia. [Paus.1.28.3]
1188 BC | the Boeotians, driven by Thracians and Pelasgians, settled in Arne in Thessaly. [Diod.19.53, Strabo.9.2.3]
** << Why the Boeotians went into exile in Arne >>
** Amphictyon's grandson Locrus also assisted Amphion and Zethus in their attack on Thebes in 1330 BC. [FGrH.Nr333.F170]
** Locrus led the Leleges. [Hesiod.Women.82]
** Locrus' cousin Boeotus also participated, and it is believed that Boeotus' son Itonus emigrated to Boeotia. [Diod.19.53, Strabo.7.7.2]
** Boeotus' descendants led the Boeotians in an expedition to Troy, and the remaining members fled to Arne.
** Thracians was a synonym for Boeotia. [Pliny.4.27]
** Hyantes lived in Hyampolis in Phocis. [Diod.19.53, Strabo.9.2.3]
** The Thracians occupied Orchomenus. [FGrH.Nr4.F42b]
** The Pelasgians occupied Coroneia. [Diod.19.53, Strabo.9.2.3]
** The Thracians also occupied Thebes. Theban captives were taken to Haliartus but were later recaptured. [Paus.9.16.6]
1188 BC | the Orchomenians, led by Athamas, a descendant of Aeolus' son Athamas, migrated to Ionia and founded Teos. [Paus.7.3.6, Strabo.14.1.3]
** Colophon, close to Teos, was settled some time ago by captives from the Epigoni's attack on Thebes. [Paus.7.3.2, Paus.9.33.2]
** The Orchomenians, led by descendants of Athamas who had migrated to Teos, were repatriated by Philip in the 4th century BC. [Paus.9.37.8]
1188 BC | some Orchomenians, driven out by the Thracians, were taken in by Munychus and settled in Munychia, Athens. [FGrH.Nr4.F42b]
** Munychus was the son of Demophon and Laodice. [Plut.These.34] Munychus was the son of Acamas and Laodice. [Parthe.16]
1186 BC | Theseus' sons, Demophon and Acamas, who had fled to Chalcis, returned to Athens and took control of the Athenians. [Inferred]
1186 BC | Menestheus fled to Melos. [Apo.E.6.15b, Jerome Chro.1181]
1186 BC | the Athenians crossed into Scyros, killed Lycomedes, avenged Theseus's death, and brought back Theseus's remains. [Suda.th.368]
1186 BC | the Thesprotians invaded and occupied Thessaly. [FGrH.Nr70.F23, Herod.7.176, Strabo.9.5.23, VellePat.1.3.1]
** The Phocians built a wall to prevent the Thesprotians from invading. [Herod.7.176]
** The Thesprotians, led by Thessalus, occupied the area by force and called it Thessaly. Previously, it was called the land of the Myrmidones. [VellePat.1.3.1]
** Thucydides considered the Thesprotians to be non-Greeks. [Thucy.2.80]
** The Boeotians of Arne in Thessaly were defeated by Haimon and returned to Boeotia. [Suda.pi.962]
** Some inhabitants of Arne remained as penestai (serfs) and continued to live there for three generations. [Athen.264b, Suda.Pi.962]
1186 BC | the seer Peripoltas led Opheltes, son of Peneleus, and the Boeotians from Arne to Chaeroneia. [Plut.Cimon.1]
** Opheltes is believed to have only stayed in Arne in Thessaly for two years.
** Opheltes likely did not have the power to recapture Coroneia, where he had lived before going to Thessaly, from the Pelasgians.
** Chaeroneia was then called Arne. [FGrH.Nr4.F81, Paus.9.40.5]
1186 BC | the Achaeans were defeated by the sons of Antenor, abandoned their quest to recapture Ilium, and fled to various locations.
** Upon receiving news of the fall of Thessaly, the expeditionary force is believed to have disbanded.
1186 BC | Neoptolemus stopped at Tenedos and stayed there for two days. [Apo.E.6.5]
** < Why Neoptolemus Abandoned His Return to Thessaly >
** Neoptolemus's hometown was seized by Acastus, but he recaptured it and returned home. [Dictys.6.7-9]
** Neoptolemus traveled to the land of the Molossians and inherited Peleus's former territory after his death. [Apo.E.6.13]
** Neoptolemus despised returning and emigrated to the land of the Molossians. [Paus.1.11.1]
** Neoptolemus lost his father's kingdom while absent from it. [Just.17.3, LeakeN.4.175]
1186 BC | Diomedes anchored near the Phalerum in Athens and engaged in a night battle with Demophon. [FGrH.Nr325.F12, Paus.1.28.9]
** Diomedes, along with Nestor and Menelaus, returned via Tenedos, Lesbos, Chios, Psyria, and Euboea. [Home.Od.3.151]
** Odysseus returned to Agamemnon from Tenedos. [Home.Od.3.151]
** Diomedes arrived in Argos on the fourth day after leaving Troy. [Home.Od.3.151]
** He arrived in Phthia on the third day after leaving Troy. [Home.Il.9.356]
** On his return from Troy, Nestor stopped at Ceos and built the Nedusian temple of Athena. [Strabo.10.5.6]
** It is believed that the temple was later built by people living near the Nedon River at the head of the Gulf of Messenia who migrated to Ceos.
** The descendants of Eumelus, son of Admetus of Pherae, migrated to Athens. [FGrH.4.125]
** Eurypylus, son of Euaemon of Ormenium, settled in Patrae, Achaia, following the oracle of Delphi. [Paus.7.19.6-]
** Agamemnon returned home after stopping at Tenedos. [Apo.E.6.5]
** Agamemnon encountered a storm near Cape Malea in Laconia. [Home.Od.4.512]
** The people of Pellene, Achaia, who were aboard Agamemnon's fleet, were swept away by the storm and settled in Pellene on the Chalcidice Peninsula. [Thucy.4.120]
1186 BC | Achilles' foster father, Phoenix, died near Thermopylae. [Home.Il.9.485, Apo.E.6.12, Strabo.9.4.14]
1186 BC | Neoptolemus migrated to the land of the Molossians. [Apo.E.6.12]
** Neoptolemus was accompanied by Helenus and Andromache. [Apo.E.5.23, Apo.E.6.12, Just.17.3, Paus.2.23.6]
** Helenus was accompanied by Hector's sons, who had been given to Neoptolemus. [Dictys.5.16, Dictys.6.12]
1186 BC | the Athenians, led by Menestheus, were unable to land in Athens and migrated to Scylletium in southern Italy. [Strabo.6.1.10]
1186 BC | the Athenians, led by Menestheus, migrated to Elaea, near Cyme in Aeolis. [Strabo.13.3.5]
** Arcadians lived in Mysia, where Elaea was located. [Paus.1.4.6, Strabo.12.8.4]
1186 BC | Teucer, son of Telamon, was prevented from disembarking by his father and emigrated to Cyprus, where he founded Salamis. [Just.44.3, Paus.1.28.11, Parian.Marble.26]
** Teucer colonized Cyprus with captives. [Athen.256b]
** Upon hearing rumors of his father's death, Teucer returned home, but was prevented by Ajax's son Eurysaces and settled in Hispania. [Just.44.3]
** Teucer's son Ajax ruled the Olbe region of Cilicia and Tracheia. [Strabo.14.5.10]
1186 BC | Asclepius' son, Podalirus, founded Syrnus near Bybastus in Caria, where Damaethus ruled. [FGrH.Nr70.F167, Paus.3.26.10, Parthe.1, Steph.Byz.593.17]
** Damaethus was presumably the son of Staphylus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos.
** Podalirus married Syrnas, daughter of Damaethus.
1186 BC | Tiresias' daughter, Manto, died in Colophon. [Photios.186.6]
** Manto's son, Mopsus, inherited the oracle of Apollo at Clarus, on the seashore near Colophon. [Photios.186.6]
** The Oracle of Apollo in Clarus is believed to have been founded by Manto.
** Rhacius and Manto's son Mopsus expelled the Carians from the area around Colophon. [Paus.7.3.2]
1186 BC | Polypoetes, son of Peirithous, and Leonteus, son of Coronus, settled in Colophon. [Apo.E.3.14, Apo.E.6.2, Dares.14]
** Philoctetes, who had joined them from Thessaly, returned safely. [Home.Od.3.176]
1186 BC | Calchas emigrated to Pamphylia and founded Selge. [Herod. 7.91, Paus. 7.3.7, Strabo. 12.7.3, Strabo. 14.4.3]
** Pamphylia is named after Mopsus' sister. [StephByz. P498.15]
** Pamphylia is named after Mopsus' daughter. [Photios. 176]
** Selge became a trusted ally of Alexander the Great. [Arr. 1.28.1]
1186 BC | Agapenor, son of Ancaeus, founded Paphos near Palaepaphos in southwestern Cyprus instead of returning to Arcadia. [Strabo. 14.6.3]
** Agapenor mined copper in Cyprus. [TzeAdLyco.447, TzeAdLyco.484]
** Agapenor arrived second after Teucer. [TzeAdLyco.478]
1186 BC | the Magnesians dedicated one-tenth of their spoils to Delphi and settled there. [Photios.186.29]
1186 BC | Elymus and Aegestus set sail from Troy. [Antiq.1.52.1]
1186 BC | Aeneas, son of Anchises, set sail from Troy. [Antiq.1.63.2, Virg.Aene.3.1]
1186 BC | Elymus and Aegestus arrived on the Crimisus River in northwestern Sicily. [Antiq.1.52.1]
1186 BC | Ialmenus, son of Astyoche (or Pernis) of Orchomenus, emigrated to the Sauromatae region. [FGrH.Nr333.F143, Strabo.9.2.42]
** Astyoche was the daughter of Actor, son of Azeus, son of Clymenus, son of Presbon, son of Phrixus, son of Athamas.
** Circe, daughter of Aeetes, son of Perseis, a descendant of Phrixus, was married to the king of the Sauromatians in 1276 BC. [Diod.4.45.4]
1185 BC | Aeneas, son of Anchises, left his winter quarters in Thracia and headed south. [Antiq.1.63.2]
1185 BC | Aeneas stopped in Delos and was welcomed by the priest Anius. [Antiq.1.50.1, Virg.Aene.3.69]
** Anius's father, Zarex, and Achilles were second cousins, sharing a common ancestor, Cecrops, the seventh king of Athens, so this legend is likely fictional.
1185 BC | Aeneas stopped in Cythera and built a temple to Aphrodite. [Antiq.1.50.1]
** Cythera was likely part of Mycenae, so this legend is also likely fictional. [FGrH.Nr10.F11, Tzetzes.1.460]
1185 BC | Aeneas was welcomed by Elymus and Aegestus in Sicily and helped them found Aegesta and Elyma. [Antiq.1.52.4]
** Aeneas's destination was likely Sicily, where he planned to reunite with Elymus and Aegestus.
1184 BC | Diomedes was sentenced to death due to a plot by his wife, Aegialeia, and left Argos to emigrate to Aetolia. [Diod.7.3.1]
** Diomedes' wife, Aegialeia, had committed adultery with Cometes, son of Sthenelus. [Apo.E.6.9, Tzetzes.3.280]
1184 BC | Diomedes, son of Tydeus, emigrated from Aetolia to the eastern coast of the Italian peninsula and founded Argyrippe. [Tzetzes.1.760, Strabo.6.3.9]
** Diomedes and Euippe, daughter of Daunius (or Daunus), king of the Daunians, had two sons, Diomedes and Amphinomus. [Antoninus.37]
** Brundisium was founded by the Aetolians who accompanied Diomedes to the sea. [Just.12.2]
** Arpi and Beneventum were founded by Diomedes. [Solinus.2.10]
1184 BC | Aeneas left his winter quarters in Sicily and set sail north along the west coast of the Italian peninsula. [Antiq.1.63.2]
1184 BC | Aeneas landed near Laurentum. [Antiq.1.45.1]
** It was the 35th year of the reign of Latinus. [Antiq.1.44.3] Mid-summer [Antiq.1.63.3]
** Aeneas's companions numbered 600. [Solinus.2.14]
1184 BC | Aeneas founded Lavinium near Laurentum. [Antiq.1.45.1, Just.43.1]
** Some traditions say that Lavinium was founded by Latinus, who named the city after his daughter. [Strabo.5.3.2]
1184 BC | Helenus migrated from Helopia across the Corcyra and founded Buthroutum. [Ovid.Meta.13.720, SerCVAene.3.293]
1182 BC | Aeneas married Lavinia, daughter of Latinus. [Antiq.1.60.1, Euseb.Chron.283, Just.43.1]
** Some traditions say that Aeneas and Lavinia married after Latinus' death in battle.
** However, since Latinus inherited Laurentium, it is likely that their marriage took place before the battle. [Euseb.Chron.283]
** Aeneias was likely born when his father, Anchises, was around 55 years old. [FGrH.Nr2.F39]
** Anchises died in Laurentium the year before Aeneas's death in battle. [Antiq.1.64.5]
** If this is true, Anchises would have been 100 years old. He likely died in Sicily around 1220 BC | after Aeneas' birth.
** Pausanias reports that Anchises' tomb is in Arcadia. This story is likely a fabrication, due to the similarity of the mountain names. [Paus.8.12.8]
** Anchises died in Drepanum, western Sicily. [Virg.Aeneas.3.692]
** Aeneas held Anchises' funeral in Sicily. [Hyginus.273]
1182 BC | Latinus was killed in battle against the rebellious Rutulians. [Antiq.1.43.2, Antiq.1.64.2, Just.43.1]
1182 BC | Tyrrhenus was killed in battle against the Latins. [Antiq.1.64.3]
1182 BC | Tydeus' son Diomedes was asked by Turnus, king of the Rutulians, to send reinforcements, but refused. [Ovid.Meta.14.460]
** Turnus was a descendant of Inachus and Acrisius. [SerCVAene.6.88]
1182 BC | Pallas, son of Evander, was killed in battle against Turnus, king of the Rutulians, siding with Aeneas. [Virg.Aenea.10.466]
** Turnus allied himself with Mezentius, king of the Etrurians living in Caerea. [Livius.1.2]
1182 BC | Turnus of the Rutulians was killed in battle against Aeneas. [Euseb.Chron.283, Just.43.1]
1182 BC | Aeneas inherited Laurentum. [Antiq.1.43.2, Antiq.1.64.2, Diod.7.5.2, Just.43.1]
1182 BC | Agamemnon's son, Halaesus, was killed in battle against Pallas, son of Evander, an ally of Aeneas. [Virg.Aene.10.411]
1181 BC | Menestheus died in Melos. [Apo.E.6.15b, JeromeChro.1181]
** Menestheus succeeded Polyanax as king of Melos. [Apo.E.6.15b]
1180 BC | Aeneas and Lavinia had a daughter, Aemilia. [Plut.Romu.2]
1180 BC | Andros, son of Anius (or Anion), son of Zarex, emigrated from Delos to Andros near Euboea. [Diod.5.79.2]
1179 BC | Aeneas was killed in battle against the rebellious Rutulians. Ascanius succeeded Laurentum. [Antiq.1.64.3, Just.43.1]
** Aeneas died seven years after the fall of Troy. [Antiq.1.65.1]
1178 BC | Aeneas and Lavinia had a son, Silvius. [Antiq.1.70.1]
1178 BC | Orestes killed Aegisthus and became king of Mycenae. [Dictys.6.3, Hyginus.119]
** Pylades, a friend of Orestes, killed the sons of Nauplius who had joined Aegisthus. [Paus.1.22.6]
** The account in Book 3 of The Return of the Sons of Atreus, in which Hermioneus pursued Iasus and stabbed him with a spear, likely refers to this event. [Athen.9.399a]
** Hermioneus is thought to be Pylades' brother.
** The story that Orestes received reinforcements from Crete and Athens is likely fiction. [Dictys.6.3]
** In fact, Aegisthus was elderly, so it is possible that Orestes seized control of Mycenae upon hearing of his death.
1178 BC | Menelaus plundered the Troad and returned in his eighth year. [Paus.3.22.2]
** Menelaus returned on the day Orestes held a memorial feast after killing Aegisthus in the eighth year of his reign. [Home.Od.3.312]
** Menelaus returned after eight years of wandering and met Orestes, who had completed his revenge. [Apo.E.6.29]
** Menelaus returned to Amyclae and died. [Pind.Py.11.1]
1175 BC | Mopsus, son of Manto, and his half-brother Amphilochus emigrated from Colophon to Cilicia Pedias and founded Mallus. [Strabo.14.5.16]
** Mopsus and Amphilochus later fought and both died. [Strabo.14.5.16]
** Mopsus had three daughters: Rhode, Melias, and Pamphilia. The Lycian cities of Rhodia and Pamphilia were named after his daughters. [Photios.176]
** Aristandrus of Telmessus, who accompanied Alexander the Great and predicted the development of Alexandria in Egypt, is believed to be a descendant of Mopsus. [Arr.3.2]
** Meles, king of Sardis, and Croesus are said to have received oracles from Telmessus. [Herod.1.78, Herod.1.84]
1175 BC | Neoptolemus sacked Delphi and was killed in battle against the Delphians led by Machaereus, son of Daetas. [Apo.E.6.14, Strabo.9.3.9, FGrH.Nr12.F15, FGrH.Nr333.F64]
** It is also said that he was murdered by Orestes and others. [Apo.E.6.14, Paus.2.29.9, Just.17.3, Hyginus.123]
** Neoptolemus was killed by Orestes at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi for betraying the priest Machaereus. [Jerome Chro.1160]
** The Magnesians, who returned from Troy and settled in Delphi, likely assisted the Delphians in their fight against Neoptolemus.
1175 BC | Oneiros, son of Achilles and Deidamia, was killed by Orestes in the Battle of Phocis. [Photios.190]
** Oneiros, along with his brother Neoptolemus, likely fought against Orestes, who sided with the Phocians and the Delphians.
1175 BC | Acarnan, son of Alcmaeon, founded Anaktorion in Acarnania. [Ps-Scym.450]
1175 BC | Phoetius, son of Alcmaeon, founded Phoetiae in Acarnania. [FGrH.4.30]
1175 BC | Acrisius, likely the son of Pheidippus, son of Dexamenus, son of Heracles, rebuilt Larisa. [Steph.L412.18]
1173 BC | Agamemnon died after ruling Mycenae for 30 (or 35) years. [Euseb.Chron.179, (JeromeChro.1197)]
1173 BC | Cleodaeus, son of Hyllus, led the Dorians in an attack on Mycenae and destroyed the city. [Estimated from Paus.3.15.10 and Paus.4.30.1]
** Recent archaeological excavations have confirmed evidence of destruction at Mycenae in the 12th century BC. [wiki: Mycenae]
** The Dorians also destroyed Tiryns and Midea and occupied Argos. [Estimated from Orestes' migration to Tegea, etc.]
** Hyllus was killed in his second attempt, Cleodius in his third, and Aristomachus in his fourth. [Newton.63]
1173 BC | Abia, the nurse of Heracles' son Glenus (or Gleneus), and some of the people abandoned their plans to return home and settled in Ire, Messenia. [Paus.4.30.1]
** Abia, the nurse of Heracles' son Glenus (born 1224 BC), is estimated to have been born in 1241 BC. Glenus is also believed to have participated in the expedition.
** Glenus was older than Cleodaeus and the son of the founder, Heracles.
** However, it is believed that the leader of the Heracleidae was Cleodaeus, the son of Hyllus, the son of Heracles, king of the Dorians. [Paus.4.30.1]
** There was a birth difference of more than 40 years between Cleodaeus and his son, Aristomachus, suggesting that Cleodaeus' eldest son participated in the expedition with him.
** Cleodaeus was killed in battle, and his eldest son, along with Glenus's nurse Abia, fled to Messenia and settled in Ire (later Abia). [Paus.4.30.1]
** His eldest son's grandson is believed to have been Polyphontes, a supposed descendant of the "true" Heracles. [Apo.2.8.5]
1173 BC | the Magnesians of Thessaly migrated from Delphi to Lydia via Crete and founded Magnesia. [Photios.186.29]
** Machaereus, son of Daetas, also migrated with the Magnesians and participated in the founding of Magnesia. [Dic. Machaereus, Strabo. 14.1.40, Strabo. 9.3.9]
** Branchus, who migrated from Magnesia to near Miletus and established the oracle of Apollo at Didyma, was a descendant of Machaereus. [Strabo. 9.3.9]
1173 BC | Orestes fled to Tegea in Arcadia. [Estimated from Paus. 8.5.4 and Herod. 1.67]
** Orestes migrated from Mycenae to Arcadia following the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. [Paus. 8.5.4]
** Since Orestes died in Tegea, the relocation of the capital to Trapezus and Orestes' migration are likely related. [Herod. 1.67]
** Orestes also ruled over most of Arcadia. [Paus.2.18.5]
** During the Messenian War, the Arcadians supported the Messenians as their kindred spirits.
** Agamemnon ruled over seven towns along the Gulf of Messenia, and many Achaeans likely resided in Messenia.
** Many Achaeans likely migrated to Tegea along with Orestes.
** Mycenae was likely inherited by Aletes, son of Aegisthus. Aletes was the brother of Orestes' wife, Erigone. [Hyginus.124]
1173 BC | King Hippothous of Arcadia moved the capital from Tegea to Trapezus. [Paus.8.5.4]
** Hippothous participated in the Calydonian boar hunt, so he is believed to have been born before 1262 BC. [Paus.8.45.7]
1173 BC | Agamemnon's son Hyperion fled from Mycenae to Megara. [Inferred from Paus.1.43.3]
1173 BC | Ajax's sons, Philaeus and Eurysaces, migrated to Brauron and Melite. [Plut.Solon.10]
** Eurysaces' sanctuary was in Melite, and he likely resided there. [Harp10Orat.e167]
** Therefore, Philaeus likely resided in Brauron. [Harp10Orat.e167]
** The migration of Philaeus and Eurysaces is likely due to Hyperion's migration from Mycenae to Megara.
1170 BC | the sons of Hector, with the aid of Priam's son Helenus, drove out the sons of Antenor and recaptured Ilium. [Estimated from Jerome Chro. 1154]
** Troy fell on the eighth day after the last day of the month Thargelion, 17 days before the summer solstice. [Antiq. 1.63.1]
** Troy is said to have fallen on the full moon of the month Thargelion.
** Based on the historical solar eclipse of April 16, 1178 BC | and assuming a lunar cycle of 29.53 days, the capture of Ilium occurred on June 1, 1170 BC.
** Odyssey Eclipse - https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhistory/SEhistory.html
** Herodotus describes the Trojan War as a tragic event that occurred before the Persian invasion of Greece. [Herod.6.98]
** Orestes's subsequent colonization of Tenedos was well-timed, and it is believed that he also participated in the Trojan campaign.
1170 BC | Orestes led an expedition and began colonizing Aeolis. [Strabo.13.1.3]
** The colonization of Aeolis began four generations before the Ionians. [Strabo.13.1.3]
1170 BC | Orestes founded Tenedos with Peisander of Amyclae. [FGrH.Nr4.F32, Pind.Ne.11, Strabo.13.1.3]
** Peisander's maternal grandfather was Melanippus, a commander in the siege of Thebes. [Pind.Ne.11]
** The inhabitants of Tenedos were accepted by Agamemnon and settled in Tenea in Argolis. [Paus.2.5.4]
** Orestes knew that the inhabitants of Tenea were refugees from Tenedos and that Antenor had driven them out.
** Some of the inhabitants of Tenea likely joined Orestes' expedition and returned to Tenedos. Most of the inhabitants later emigrated to Sicily.
** The 4th-century BC historian Nymphodorus, in his "Voyage around Asia," describes Tenedos as an island of beautiful women. [Athen.13.609e]
1170 BC | Perinthus of Epidaurus accompanied Orestes and founded Perinthus (not in Thracia). [Steph.P517.17]
1170 BC | Aepytus, son of Hippothus, ascended to the throne as king of Arcadia. [Paus.8.5.4]
1170 BC | Ajax, son of Teucer, emigrated from Cyprus to Cilicia (Tracheia) and ruled the Olbe region. [Strabo.14.5.10]
1169 BC | Castor and Polydeuces (Dioscuri), sons of Tyndareus, were enshrined as gods. [Paus.3.13.1]
** The deification of the Dioscuri occurred 40 years after the battle between Idas and Lynceus. [Paus.3.13.1]
1165 BC | Aeatus, son of Pheidippus, son of Dexamenus, son of Heracles, attacked the rebellious Boeotians who remained in Arne. [Polya.8.44]
1165 BC | Cylarabes, son of Sthenelus, died. [Paus.2.18.5]
** The 585-year royal line of Argos, established by Phoroneus, son of Inachus, came to an end.
1165 BC | Orestes occupied Argos. [Paus.2.18.5]
** At this time, Orestes was a neighbor of Argos. [Paus.2.18.5] Orestes likely lived in Tegea, not Mycenae.
1160 BC | a revolt broke out in Andrus, and Andros, son of Anius, migrated to the southern foot of Mount Ida and founded Antandros. [Photios.186.41]
1160 BC | Agamemnon's son Hyperion was killed by Sandion for his tyrannical behavior, and the monarchy of Megara was abolished. [Paus.1.43.3]
1156 BC | Pergamus, son of Neoptolemus, emigrated to Asia Minor with his mother Andromache and founded Pergamon. [Paus.1.11.2]
** Andromache and Hector had several sons. Neoptolemus gave Hector's sons to Helenus. [Dictys.5.16]
** Hector's son Laodamas was with Neoptolemus along with Andromache. [Dictys.6.12]
1154 BC | Ascanius, son of Aeneas, founded Alba. [Antiq.1.66.1]
** Alba was founded 30 years after the founding of Lavinium. [Antiq.1.66.1]
1150 BC | the Amazons, led by Smyrna, burned the temple at Ephesus. [Euseb.Chron.185, Strabo.14.1.4]
** During the reign of Oxyntes, son of Demophon (1153-41 BC). [Euseb.Chron.185]
** The Ephesians were called Sisyrbitae after Sisyrbe. [Strabo.14.1.4]
1150 BC | Medon, son of Pylades, migrated east from Cirrha and founded Medeon. [StephByz.M439.19]
1150 BC | Pharsalus, son of Acrisius, founded Pharsalus (later Palaepharsalus). [Steph.Ph659.18]
1150 BC | after the death of Diomedes, his son Amphinomus migrated from the Italian peninsula to Aetolia. [This is presumed to be because his daughter's son was in Aetolia.]
Ascanius died in 1142 BC. His half-brother Silvius succeeded him. [Antiq.1.70.1]
** This was in the 38th year of Ascanius' reign. [Antiq.1.70.1]
Orestes died in 1132 BC. [Herod.1.67, Paus.2.18.6]
** Orestes died of a snakebite at the age of 70 in Orestia, Arcadia. [Apo.E.6.28, FGrH.Nr12.F25, TzeAdLyco.1374]
** Orestes' original tomb was located inside the city gates of Tegea. Spartans stole his remains from there. [Paus.8.54.4]
** Orestes died in Arcadia. [Herod.1.67, Strabo.13.1.3]
** Orestes died in Oresteia. [Apo.E.6.28, TzeAdLyco.1374]
** Oresteia is believed to have been located in the city of Tegea, not Oresthasium in southern Arcadia.
** The name Oresthasium, which came to be called Oresteia, is thought to have been unrelated to Orestes' residence. [Paus.8.3.2]
1126 BC | Thessalus, son of Aeatus, son of Pheidippus, son of Dexamenus, son of Heracles, expelled the Boeotians who had remained in Arne. [Polya.1.12]
1126 BC | the Boeotians, expelled from Arne in Thessaly, returned to Boeotia. [Strabo.9.2.3, Strabo.9.2.29, Thucy.1.12]
1126 BC | the Boeotians, returning from Arne, recaptured Coroneia and annexed Orchomenus. [Strabo.9.2.3, Strabo.9.2.29]
** The Orchomenians, who had taken refuge in Munychia in Athens, also returned at this time. [Strabo.9.2.3]
1126 BC | some Orchomenians, along with Chaeron, son of Thero, emigrated to Arne, where the Boeotians had been expelled, and called the area Chaeroneia. [FGrH.Nr1.F116, Paus.9.40.5, Plut.Sulla.17]
1126 BC | the Boeotians, together with the Orchomenians, expelled the Pelasgians from Boeotia. The Pelasgians went to Athens. [Strabo.9.2.3]
** Some of these Pelasgians were descendants of those who migrated from Samothrace to Boeotia with Cadmus and others. [Herod.2.51]
** The Pelasgians lived below the Athenian acropolis and built the walls under the command of Agrolas and Hyperbius. [Herod.6.137, Paus.1.28.3, Strabo.9.2.3]
** In recognition of their contributions to the construction of the walls, the Pelasgians were awarded the barren land at the foot of Mount Hymettus (the Pelasgicon region). However, the Athenians, jealous of their successful cultivation of the land, expelled them. [Herod.6.137]
1126 BC | Penthilus, son of Orestes, sailed from the port of Aulis and colonized Lesbos. [Paus.3.2.1, Strabo.9.2.3, Strabo.13.1.3]
** Penthilus was in Mitylene, eastern Lesbos. He was killed by Megacles in Mitylene. [AristPoli.1311b]
** Penthilus died before settling in Lesbos and founding a town. 100 years later, Gras (or Graus) founded a town. [FGrH.3.195, TzeAdLyco.1374]
** The return of the Boeotians and Penthilus' departure from Aulis occurred 60 years after the fall of Troy. [Strabo.13.1.3, Thucy.1.12]
** This was around the time of the return of the Heracleidae. [Strabo.13.1.3]
1126 BC | Damasichthon, son of Opheltes, marched from Chaeroneia and entered Thebes.
1126 BC | Autesion, the last king of Cadmus' descendants, was driven from Thebes and fled to Aristodemus in the Dorian lands. [Paus.9.5.15]
** Autesion's grandmother's hometown, Argos, was under the rule of Tisamenus, son of Orestes, of Mycenae.
** Autesion's migration is thought to have been one of the factors that led Aristomachus to launch an expedition against Peloponnesus.
1126 BC | Aristomachus was defeated by Tisamenus, son of Orestes. [Apo.2.8.2, Paus.2.7.6, Strabo.13.1.3]
** Aristomachus...
1126 BC | an expedition led by Cleues and Malaus, sons of Dorus, descendants of Agamemnon, was stationed near Locris for an extended period. [Strabo.13.1.3]
** Cleues and Malaus likely observed the return of the Heracleidae under Aristomachus to Peloponnesus.
** Although more than 100 km away from the departure point of Penthilus' expedition, the Dorian settlement was located in the immediate vicinity of Cleues's departure point.
** Cleues and Malaus were great-grandsons of Agamemnon, and their grandparents were likely exiled from Mycenae by Aegisthus.
** Many members of the expedition were likely Aeolis (possibly fleeing from Thessaly) who lived at Mount Phricium. [FGrH.Nr4.F80]
1126 BC | Malaus' expedition conquered the Pelasgians living around Larisa and founded Phryconian Cyme. [Strabo.13.1.3, Strabo.13.3.3]
** The Pelasgians of Larisa were a powerful tribe, but were weakened by the Trojan War. [Strabo.13.3.3]
** Driven from the area around Larisa, the Pelasgians, led by the descendants of Teutamus, fled to Pisae in Italy and lived among the Tyrrhenians. [Estimated from Pliny.3.50]
** The main settler in Cyme was Aeolis, who was driven from Thessaly by the Thesprotians. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr4.F80]
** Cyme was the name of the Amazons. [Strabo.11.5.4, 12.3.21]
1125 BC | Agron, son of Ninus, son of Belus, son of Alcaeus, son of Heracles, ascended to the throne of Sardis. [Herod.1.7]
** This genealogy is likely fictional.
1120 BC | Penthilus, son of Orestes, led the Boeotians in the Aeolian colony. [Strabo.9.2.5]
** This was after expelling the Thracians and Perasgians from Boeotia in 1126 BC. [Strabo.9.2.5]
1120 BC | Erginus, likely the son of Amphinomus, emigrated to Argos, the homeland of his grandfather Diomedes. [This is likely because Erginus was a descendant of Diomedes.]
1115 BC | Temenus, son of Aristomachus, prepared his army after hearing an oracle that warned him that "the return would be the third harvest of descendants." [Apo.2.8.2]
1115 BC | Temenus appointed Oxylus, son of Haemon, son of Thoas, as his guide. [Apo.2.8.3, Paus.5.3.5, Strabo.8.3.33]
** Oxylus advised Temenus to enter Peloponnesus by ship rather than by land. [Paus.5.3.6]
** Temenus, having learned from his past mistakes, planned to invade Peloponnesus by sea, likely recruiting Oxylus, who was knowledgeable about the area.
** Oxylus was the son of Haemon, son of Thoas, son of Gorge, sister of Deianeira, mother of Hyllus, father of Cleodaeus, father of Aristomachus, father of Temenus's father.
** Thus, Oxylus was a third cousin of Temenus's father, making them a relative.
1115 BC | Temenus built a ship in Naupactus, Locris. [Apo.2.8.2, Paus.10.38.10, Strabo.9.4.7]
** Temenus was the founder of Naupactus. [Ps-Scym.475]
1115 BC | Temenus' brother, Aristodemus, was murdered in Delphi by Tisamenus' cousins, Medon and Strophius. [Apo.2.8.2, Paus.3.1.6, Paus.2.16.7]
** Medon and Strophius lived in Cirrha, 60 stades southwest of Delphi. [Pindar.Py.11]
** Aristodemus died of illness after witnessing the birth of his child. [Herod.6.52]
** Aristodemus was struck by lightning. [Apo.2.8.2]
1115 BC | Hippotes (Hippotas), son of Phylas, murdered the prophet Carnus in Naupactus. [Apo.2.8.3, Paus.3.13.4, Photios.186.26]
** Carnus was likely the grandson of Alcmaeon, son of Amphiaraus of Argos.
1115 BC | Temenus, through an oracle, exiled Hippotes for 10 years. [Apo.2.8.3]
** Hippotes was a descendant of Antiochus, born to the daughter of Phylas, king of Dryopes, who had been driven out by Heracles.
** Forty years later, Hippotes' son Aletes gained control of Corinth. [Paus.2.4.4]
1115 BC | the Pelasgians were expelled from Athens and migrated to Lemnos and Imbros. [FGrH.Nr328.F100, Herod.6.137]
1115 BC | the Minyans, who lived in Lemnos, were driven out by the Pelasgians and migrated to Lacedaemon. [Herod.4.145, Paus.7.2.2, Strabo.8.3.19]
** Some of the Minyans migrated to Cyzicus. The inhabitants of Cyzicus migrated to Antandros, south of Mount Ida. [Photios.186.41]
** Conon reports that the Tyrrhenians were the ones who drove out the inhabitants of Cyzicus, but it is believed that it was the Minyans living in Lemnos (Tyrrhenia).
** The Spartans accepted the Minyans because their ancestors were the Argonauts, just like their own. [Herod. 4.145]
** Some Minyans migrated from Orchomenus to Iolcus, and thus the warriors of the Argo came to be called Minyans. [Strabo. 9.2.40]
** Pelias of Iolcus likely brought some Minyans with him when he married Phylomache, daughter of Amphion of Orchomenus.
** Similar examples can be found in the cases of Neleus and Niobe. [Strabo. 8.3.19, Strabo. 8.4.4]
** The king of Sparta at the time was likely Tisamenus, son of Orestes, descended from Tyndareus.
** Herodotus reports that he was a third-generation descendant (or children of children) of the Argonauts. [Herod.4.145]
** Pylades (a close friend of Orestes), son of Strophius, son of Crisus, son of Phocus (Peleus was an Argonaut). Tisamenus was the fourth generation from the Argonauts.
** Herodotus calculates three generations as 100 years. [Herod.2.142]
1115 BC | the Pelasgians of Lemnos abducted the daughters of Brauron in Attica. [FGrH.Nr328.F100, FGrH.Nr328.F101, Herod.6.138]
** The first inhabitants of Lemnos, the Sinties or Sinti, were Pelasgians. [FGrH.Nr328.F101][Thucy.2.98, Home.Il.1.594, Strabo.7.8.3]
1114 BC | Temenus again began building ships in Naupactus.
1113 BC | Temenus completed construction of a fleet for the crossing and sent a message to Naupactus to assemble the following spring.
1112 BC | Temenus set out from Pindus in Doris and arrived in Naupactus. [Herod.1.56, Pind.Py.1.66, Strabo.9.4.10]
** The Heracleidae set out from Dryopis and returned to Peloponnesus. [Strabo.9.4.10]
** The Dorians traveled from Dryopis to Peloponnesus. [Herod. 1.56]
** The Heracleidae and Dorians set out from Pindus and arrived in Sparta and Amyclae. [Pind. Py. 1.66]
** Temenus was accompanied by Hegeleos, a descendant of Heracles and Omphale. [Paus. 2.21.3]
** Hegeleos later built a sanctuary of Athena's Trumpet in Argos. [Paus. 2.21.3]
1112 BC | Ionians from Tetrapolis in Attica joined Temenus' army at Naupactus. [Estimated from Strabo. 8.6.15]
** Ionians from Tetrapolis in Attica also accompanied Temenus and settled in Epidaurus in Argolis. [Strabo.8.6.15]
1112 BC | Temenus, guided by Oxylus, sailed from Naupactus to Molycrium and prepared for the crossing. [Paus.5.3.6]
** From Cape Antirrhium (Molycrian Rhium), on the border between Aetolia and Locris, they headed for Cape Rion on the opposite shore. [Inferred from Strabo.8.2.3]
** Polybius reports that the Locrians had agreed to contact Tisamenus if the Heracleidae headed for Rion. [Polyb.12.12a]
1112 BC | Tisamenus awaited Temenus and his companions near Rion in Achaia. [Polya.1.9]
1112 BC | Tisamenus, tricked by Temenus's deception, moved his army to Isthmus. [Polya.1.9]
1112 BC | Temenus landed at Rion in Achaia. [Paus.8.5.6, Polya.1.9]
** The strait was approximately 3 km wide. Tisamenus's ships were obstructed. [Apo.2.8.3]
1112 BC | Temenus, guided by Oxylus, marched from Aegae in Achaia to Arcadia. [Paus.5.4.1]
** It is believed that the Heracleidae, descendants of the Arcadians who participated in Heracles' expeditions, were recruited into the expeditionary force from around Pheneus.
1112 BC | King Cypselus of Arcadia offered his daughter Merope in marriage to Temenus' brother Cresphontes. [Paus.8.5.6, Polya.1.7]
1112 BC | Temenus' brother Cresphontes married Cypselus' daughter Merope in Trapezus, Arcadia. [Paus.4.3.6]
1111 BC | Temenus incorporated the Arcadians of Trapezus into his army and invaded Pylus.
** The Arcadians had been invading and hostile towards the land since the time of Neleus, the son of Melanthus, the son of Andropompus of Pylus. [Home.7.132, Paus.8.11.4, Strabo.8.3.21]
1111 BC | Temenus exiled Neleus' descendants, including Melanthus, from Pylus. [Paus.2.18.8]
** There is a tradition that Melanthus was king of Pylus. [Euseb.Chron.183, Jerome Chron.1136, Jerome Chron.1129, Paus.7.2.3, Photios.186.39]
** However, since Melanthus was not a direct descendant of Nestor, he was not king of Pylus, but rather was king of Messenia as a direct descendant of Neleus' eldest son.
1111 BC | Melanthus moved to Athens and exiled Thymoetes, son of Oxyntes. [Paus.2.18.9]
** Melanthus, having asked the gods in Delphi where he should live, decided to go to Athens, where Eleusis was located. [Athen.3.96e]
** The cult of the Great Goddess, which Caucon, a priest of Eleusis, had brought to Messene in Andania, continued unbroken. [Paus.4.1.5]
** Melanthus's mother and wife were Athenians. Melanthus was likely the son-in-law of Thymoetes. [Paus.7.2.3, Tzetzes.1.180]
** Among Melanthus's migrant group were Caucones. [Herod.1.147]
1111 BC | Melanthus fought a duel with Xanthus of Thebes and killed him through a false tactic. [Polya.1.19, Strabo.9.1.7]
** Some legends say that Thymoetes avoided single combat and gave up his allegiance to Melanthus. [Photios.186.39]
** The conflict was over the possession of Melaenae (or Melania). [FGrH.Nr70.F22, Polya.1.19, Harp10Orat.a173]
** The conflict was over the possession of Oinoe. [Photios.186.39]
1111 BC | Melanthus became king of Athens. [Herod.5.65]
1111 BC | Nestor's descendant, Alcmaeon, migrated to Athens with Melanthus and became the founder of the Alcmaeonidae. [Paus.2.18.9]
1111 BC | the children of Paeon, a descendant of Nestor, emigrated to Athens with Melanthus and became the ancestors of the Paeonidae. [Paus.2.18.9]
1111 BC | Peisistratus, a descendant of Nestor, emigrated to Athens. [Herod.5.65]
** Peisistratus, son of Hippocrates, tyrant of Athens in the 6th century BC | was a descendant of Nestor. [Herod.5.65]
1110 BC | Temenus, son of Aristomachus, engaged Tisamenus in battle. [Apo.2.8.3]
1110 BC | Pamphylus and Dymas, sons of Aegimius, who sided with Tisamenus, were killed in battle with Temenus. [Apo.2.8.3]
** Pamphylus was not killed in this battle, as he later married Orsobia, daughter of Hyrnetho, daughter of Temenus. [Paus.2.28.6]
1110 BC | Tisamenus besieged Argos. [Apo.2.8.3]
1110 BC | Temenus established a fortress in Temenium, south of Argos, and fought against Tisamenus. [Paus.2.38.1]
** The Heracleidae likely conquered the Argos coast with a fleet. Temenium was also likely convenient for maritime logistics. [Polya.2.12]
1110 BC | Erginus, son of Amphinomus, son of Diomedes, assisted Temenus in stealing the Palladium statue, the patron deity of Argos. [August.City.3.7, Plut.GreekQuest.48]
** After Diomedes' death, his son Amphinomus emigrated from Italy to Aetolia, and his son Erginus likely lived in Argos. [Antoninus.37]
** Erginus and Temenus were relatives, sharing a common ancestor with Oeneus of Calydon.
1109 BC | Temenus' son Phalces launched a night raid on Sicyon, but without fighting, he co-reigned with Lacestades. [Paus.2.6.7]
** Sicyon ruled for 981 years under its first king, Aegialeus (reigned 2090 BC). [Suda.sigma,402]
** In fact, the Sicyon monarchy, founded by Aegialeus, son of Inachus, lasted for 641 years from 1750 BC.
1109 BC | Agamedidas, great-grandson of Ctesippus, son of Heracles, seized Cleonae. [Paus.3.16.6]
1107 BC | Temenus claimed Argos from Tisamenus and acquired it. [Apo.2.8.4, Paus.2.18.7, Paus.4.3.3, Polya.1.6]
** Troezen, which was also under Argos' control, accepted the Dorians as residents. [Paus.2.30.10]
1107 BC | Tisamenus moved from Argos to Sparta.
1107 BC | Temenus entered Argos.
1106 BC | Temenus left Argos to capture Sparta. [Polya.1.10]
** At the time of the capture of Sparta, not only Eurysthenes and Procles, but also Temenus, likely represented the entire army. [Polya.1.10]
1106 BC | Temenus besieged Tisamenus, who was holed up in Sparta.
1106 BC | Oxylus, having completed his role as guide, left Sparta for Aetolia.
** If Oxylus had stayed with Temenus until Tisamenus' departure from Sparta, Tisamenus may have settled not in Achaia but in Pisa, where his ancestor Pelops lived.
1105 BC | the Heracleidae besieged Helos on the coast of Laconia, founded by Helius, the youngest son of Perseus, and forced its surrender. [Paus. 3.20.6]
1105 BC | Oxylus led the Aetolians in an invasion of Elis. [Paus. 6.23.8, Strabo. 8.3.33]
1105 BC | Oxylus fought against Dius of Elis and seized the kingdom of Elis. [Paus.5.4.2, Strabo.8.3.33]
** This was Aetolus's return 215 years after being chased by Salmoneus in 1320 BC.
1104 BC | Philonomus, through a secret deal with the Heracleidae, convinced Tisamenus to emigrate to Achaia. [Strabo.8.5.4-5]
** Philonomus came to Sparta from Imbros and Lemnos. [Photios.186.36]
** Philonomus is thought to have been one of the Minyans who emigrated from Lemnos to Lacedaemon in 1115 BC after being chased by the Pelasgians.
** The people who emigrated from Lemnos to Lacedaemon were recognized for their military achievements in the war against the Helots and were highly valued. [Plut.Mor.247]
1104 BC | Tisamenus emigrated from Sparta to Achaia. [Paus.2.18.8, Strabo.8.7.1, 8.8.5]
1104 BC | Theras, the guardian of Eurysthenes and Procles, proposed that the territory be decided by lottery. [Apo.2.8.4, Paus.4.3.4-5, Strabo.8.1.2, Strabo.8.5.6]
** The Heracleidae cast lots after conquering Peloponnesus. [Apo.2.8.4]
1104 BC | Cresphontes gained control of Messenia. [Apo.2.8.4, Paus.4.3.5, Polya.1.6, Strabo.8.8.5]
** The heirs of Hyllus, the eldest son of Heracles' wife Deianeira, were divided among Temenus, Cresphontes, and Aristodemus. [Diod.4.34.1, Strabo.9.4.10]
1104 BC | Eurysthenes and Procles acquired possession of Lacedaemon. [Apo.2.8.4, Polya.1.6]
** Lacedaemon was inhabited by the Hyllus tribe, one of the three Dorian tribes. [FGrH.Nr70.F173]
1104 BC | Aristodemus' twin sons, Eurysthenes and Procles, ascended to the throne as kings of Sparta.
** This was 80 years after the fall of Troy. [Thucy.1.12]
1104 BC | Philonomus was entrusted with Amyclae by Eurysthenes and Procles. [Photios.186.36, Strabo.8.5.4]
1104 BC | Tisamenus offered to live with the Ionians living in Achaia, but was refused. [Paus.7.1.8]
1103 BC | Tisamenus was killed in battle with the Ionians. [Paus.7.1.8]
** The story of Tisamenus discovering an ambush by the flight of birds is thought to be from this battle. [Polya.2.37]
1103 BC | the Ionians gathered in Helice, seeking divine protection, and the Achaeans besieged it. [Herod. 1.145, Paus. 7.1.8]
1103 BC | Cresphontes established Stenyclerus as the capital of Messenia. [Paus. 4.3.7, Strabo. 8.4.7]
1102 BC | the Ionians concluded a truce with the Achaeans and moved to Athens. [Paus. 7.1.5, Strabo. 8.7.1, Strabo. 8.7.4]
1102 BC | King Melanthus of Athens accepted the Ionians who had fled from Achaia. [Paus. 7.1.9]
1102 BC | Deiphontes, son of Antimachus (a contemporary of Temenus), led the Argives in forcing Pityreus, king of Epidaurus, to cede the throne. [Paus.2.26.1]
1102 BC | Deiphontes settled the Ionians who accompanied him from Tetrapolis in Attica in Epidaurus. [Strabo.8.6.15]
1102 BC | Pityreus, a descendant of Ion, son of Xuthus, led the inhabitants of Epidaurus to Athens. [Paus.2.26.1]
1101 BC | Oxylus, according to an oracle, welcomed Orestes' great-grandson Agorius from Helice in Achaia and made him co-ruler of Elis. [Paus.5.4.3]
** The power balance between Messenia and Eleia reversed. [Strabo.8.3.30]
1100 BC | Temenus was killed by his sons because he favored Deiphontes and Hyrnetho. [Apo.2.8.5]
1100 BC | a conflict arose between Temenus' sons and Deiphontes, the husband of his daughter Hyrnetho. [Paus.2.26.2]
1100 BC | Ceisus became king of Argos. [Paus.2.19.1]
1100 BC | Theras, son of Autesion, ended his guardianship. [Herod.4.147]
1100 BC | Archelaus, son of Penthilus, led an expedition against Aeolis and migrated to the Dascylium region and Cyzicene. [Strabo.13.1.3]
1099 BC | Oxylus held the Olympic Games. [Paus.5.8.5]
** After Oxylus, the Olympic Games were suspended until Iphitus restored them. [Paus.5.8.5]
1099 BC | Theras dedicated a sanctuary of Athena to Sparta. [Paus.3.15.6]
1099 BC | the Minyans, who had settled in Lacedaemon, escaped from prison and barricaded themselves inside. [Herod.4.146]
1099 BC | Theras emigrated to Calliste, became king there, and renamed the island Thera. [Paus.3.15.6, Strabo.8.3.19]
** The immigrants consisted of Lacedaemonians and a portion of Minyans who had fled to Laconia from Lemnos, pursued by the Pelasgians. [Paus.7.2.2]
** Theras's immigrants included Minyans. [Herod.4.148, Paus.7.2.2]
** At that time, the island was inhabited by descendants of colonists led by Membliarus, son of Poeciles, who split off from Cadmus in 1425 BC. [Herod.4.147]
1099 BC | Eurysthenes and Procles helped found the colony of Theras. [Paus.3.1.7]
1097 BC | Scillus of Triphylia built a Doric-style temple to Hera at Olympia. [Paus.5.16.1]
** This was approximately eight years after Oxylus took possession of Elis. [Paus.5.16.1]
** Scillus later rebelled against Elis together with Pisa, suggesting that the founder of Scillus was likely Pelops' son. [Paus.5.6.4]
1095 BC | King Melanthus of Athens died. Codrus ascended to the throne of Athens. [Euseb.185]
1095 BC | Procles, son of Pityreus, led the former inhabitants of Epidaurus from Athens to settle in Samos and found the city. [Paus.2.26.1, Paus.7.4.2, Strabo.14.1.3]
1090 BC | Ceisus, son of Temenus, gathered the inhabitants and founded Argos. [Strabo.10.4.18]
1090 BC | Procles gathered the inhabitants and founded Sparta at the same time as Argos. [Strabo.10.4.18]
1087 BC | Rhegnidas, son of Phalces, son of Temenus, led an army from Argos and Sicyon in an expedition to Phlius. [Paus.2.13.1]
1087 BC | Rhegnidas, son of Phalces, became king of Phlius. [Paus.2.13.2]
1087 BC | Hippasus of Phlius emigrated to Samos. [Paus.2.13.2]
1085 BC | Cresphontes and his two sons were killed by Polyphontes, a descendant of the "true" Heracles, and he usurped the throne of Messenia. [Apo.2.8.5, Paus.4.3.7]
** Polyphontes is thought to be the grandson of the eldest son of Cleodaeus, son of Hyllus, son of Heracles.
1085 BC | Xuthus' three sons, Cothus, Aeclus, and Ellops, founded the towns of Chalcis, Eretria, and Ellopia in Euboea, respectively.
** Ellops also conquered the surrounding towns of Histiaea, Perias, Cerinthus, Aedepsus, and Orobia. [Plut.QuestGr.22, Strabo.10.1.3, Herod.5.57]
1085 BC | the Gephyraeans of the Eretria district of Athens migrated to Euboea and founded Eretria. [Herod.5.57, Strabo.10.1.3]
1082 BC | Cresphontes' youngest son, Aepytus, became king of Messenia. [Apo.2.8.5, Paus.4.3.8, Paus.8.5.7]
** Aepytus received support from his uncle Holaeas of Arcadia, Isthmius, son of Temenus, of Argos, and Eurysthenes and Procles of Sparta.
1075 BC | Amphiclus, likely the son of Xuthus, settled in Chios from Histiaea in Euboea. [Paus.7.4.8]
1075 BC | Aletes, along with Melas, son of Antasus, from Gonussa, set out for Corinth. [Paus.2.4.4, Paus.7.26.13, Photios.186.26]
** Aletes was the son of Hippotas, son of Phylas, son of Antiochus, son of Heracles, and a contemporary of Temenus.
** Melas was a descendant of Gonussa, daughter of Sicyon, son of Marathon. [Newton.Chro.62]
1075 BC | Aletes encamped on the hill of Solygia, fought against the rebellious inhabitants (Aeolis), and drove them out of Corinth. [Paus.2.4.3, Thucy.4.42]
1075 BC | Aletes succeeded Propodas' two sons, Doridas and Hyanthias, as king of Corinth, and made Melas his co-patriate. [Paus.2.4.4]
** Melas was the ancestor of Cypselus, son of Eetion, who became tyrant of Corinth in 657 BC. [Paus.2.4.4]
** Aletes fled Corinth and then returned. [FGrH.Nr76.F80]
1075 BC | Pelasgians, children born to Athenian women, migrated from Lemnos to Laconia. [Plut.Mor.247]
** Herodotus combines the migration of the Minyans in 1115 BC with the migration of the Pelasgians to Laconia in 1075 BC.
1075 BC | Pelasgians fled from Sparta to Eleia and founded Lepreum, Macistus, Phryxae, Pyrgus, Epium, and Nudium. [Herod.4.148]
** Herodotus attributes the founding of six towns in southern Eleia to the Minyans, but it is likely the Pelasgians and Helots. [Plut.Mor.247]
** According to Herodotus, the Minyans were people expelled from Lemnos by the Pelasgians, who were themselves expelled from Athens. It seems unlikely that the Minyans alone could have founded six towns.
1074 BC | Codrus, son of Melanthus, was killed in battle against the Dorians of Peloponnesus, who were attacking Athens. [Paus.7.25.2, Polya.1.18]
** Aletes (vagabond) attacked Athens. [Photios.186.26]
** However, this is doubtful, since Aletes' ancestor, Antiochus, son of Heracles, was the eponym of Antiochis, one of the ten tribes of Athens. [Paus.1.5.1]
** Codrus was killed by the Peloponnesians near the Ilissus River. [Paus.1.19.5]
1074 BC | the Dorians expelled the Ionians from Megara, a territory of Athens, and founded the Dorian city of Megara. [Paus.1.39.4, Strabo.9.1.7]
** Later, as Megara grew in power, it waged war against its mother city, Corinth. [FGrH.Nr327.F9]
1073 BC | Neileus, son of Codrus, led the first colony from Prytaneum in Athens and settled in Miletus. [Herod. 1.146, Paus. 7.2.6]
** Neileus's colony was the official colony that departed from the Athenian city hall. [Herod. 1.146]
** Neileus's colony was the second independent expedition sent by Athens, following Iolaus' colony. [Paus. 1.29.5]
** Philistus, son of Pasicles, who accompanied Neileus, built a temple of Eleusinian Ceres near the northwest coast of Miletus. [Herod. 9.97]
1073 BC | Philogenes and Damon, sons of Euctemon from Athens, founded Phocaea. [Strabo.14.1.3]
** Philogenes and Damon sailed with the Neileus colony, but were separated from Neileus along the way. [Paus.7.2.4]
1070 BC | Cydrelus (or Cyaretus), the illegitimate son of Codrus, founded Myus, a short distance upstream from Miletus. [Paus.7.2.10, Plut.Mor.253a, Strabo.14.1.3]
1070 BC | the Philonomos people, led by Polis and Delphos, migrated to Crete, captured Gortyn, and settled with the natives. [Photios.186.36, 47]
** Pollis and Delphus were associated with Althaemenes (one generation after Procles [Strabo.10.4.18]). [Photios.186.47]
** Pollis, Delphus, and Crataidas were Spartans, but their leaders were Pelasgians. [Plut.Mor.247]
** The people led by Delphus and Crataidas settled in Melos. [Plut.Mor.247]
** Most of the people, led by Pollis, settled in eastern Crete and founded Lyctus. [Plut.Mor.247]
1070 BC | a group led by Apodasmos did not cross over to Crete but settled in Melos. [Photios.186.36]
** Apodasmos is thought to be the son of Philonomus. [Commentary on Thucydides Book 5]
** The Melians were settlers from Lacedaemon. [Herod. 8.48, Thucydides. 5.84]
** The Dorians invited Timomachus from Thebes to lead the war against Amyclae. [FGrH.Nr70.F16, Pind.Is.7.1]
1070 BC | Althaemenes led the Dorians and Pelasgians from Argos to colonize Crete. [Photios. 186.47, Strabo. 14.2.6]
** The 4th-century BC historian Ephorus reports that the Dorians, led by Althaemenes, founded 10 cities in Crete. [Strabo. 10.4.15]
1070 BC | Althaemenes migrated to Rhodes and founded Lindus, Ialysos, and Kameiros. [Photios.186.36, 47]
** 1389 BC | Lindus, Ialysus, and Cameirus, sons of Cercaphus, son of Rhodos, founded three towns in Rhodes. [Diod.5.57.8, Strabo.14.2.8]
** 1213 BC | Tlepolemus, son of Heracles, migrated to Rhodes and founded the same three towns. [Diod.4.58.8]
** However, in 1430 BC | Danaus landed at Lindus in Rhodes. [Apo.2.1.4, Diod.5.58.1]
** Althaemenes's colony included Dorians living in Megara, which the Dorians founded on their way back from the siege of Athens. [Strabo.14.2.6]
** The rulers of Rhodes passed from the Heliadae to the Phoenicians, then the Carians, who were eventually replaced by the Dorians. [Photios.186.47]
** Cleobulus of Lindus in Rhodes, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, is believed to have been a descendant of Althaemenes. [Diogenes.1.89, Paus.10.24.1]
1070 BC | Anthes led a colony from Troezen into Caria and founded Halicarnassus and Myndus. [Paus.2.30.9, StephByz.A74.6, Strabo.14.2.16]
** Anthes was a descendant of Aetius, the son of Anthas. [Paus.2.30.9]
** Althaemenes settled in Rhodes, and some of his colonies were dispersed to Halicarnassus, Cnidus, and Cos. [Strabo.14.2.6]
** The Peloponnesians who migrated to Rhodes and Cnidus were Dorians, and the cause of their migration was famine. [Suda.la.555]
1068 BC | Androclus, son of Codrus, expelled the Carians and Leleges and founded Ephesus. [Strabo.14.1.3]
1068 BC | Codrus' son Andraemon expelled the Carians and founded Lebedus. [Paus.7.3.5, Strabo.14.1.3]
1065 BC | Codrus's two sons, Damasichthon and Promethus, led the Ionians to Colophon and were allowed to live with them by the Cretans. [Paus.7.3.3, Strabo.14.1.3]
** The inhabitants of Colophon were originally from Pylus. [Strabo.14.1.4]
1065 BC | the Ionians, led by Codrus' illegitimate son Nauclus, settled in Teos. [Paus.7.3.6, Strabo.14.1.3]
1065 BC | the Ephesians, led by Androclus, invaded Samos and expelled the island's inhabitants. [FGrH.Nr70.F166, Paus.7.4.3, Plut.GreekQuest.55]
** The reason was that Leogorus, son of Procles of Samos, was conspiring against the Ionians in league with the Carians.
** Some of the island's inhabitants emigrated to Samothrace.
** The rest accompanied Leogorus to the mainland and settled in Anaea, the burial site of the Amazons, or Mycale, across the island.
** The Samians recaptured Samos ten years after their exile. [Paus.7.4.3]
1060 BC | Promethus, son of Codrus, who lived in Colophon, killed his brother Damasichthon and fled to Naxos. [Paus.7.3.3]
** After Promethus' death, the inhabitants of Colophon welcomed his body, brought from Naxos, into their city. [Paus.7.3.3]
1060 BC | Nauclus, the illegitimate son of Codrus, his brother Damasus, and Apoecus and Geres, the great-grandsons of Melanthus, settled in Teos. [Paus.7.3.6, Strabo.14.1.3]
** Geres the Boeotian led the Boeotians. [Paus.7.3.6]
1060 BC | a group of Samians from Samothrace founded Perinthus on the northern shore of the Propontis Sea. [Plut.GreekQuest.57]
** Between its founding and the reign of Darius I, the Paeonians living in the Strymon Basin captured Perinthus. [Herod.5.1]
1060 BC | Aepytus, son of Neileus, son of Codrus, led the Ionians and founded Priene in Ionia. [Paus.7.2.10, Strabo.14.1.3]
1060 BC | Cnopus, the illegitimate son of Codrus, gathered people from all over Ionia and settled in Erythrae. [FGrH.Nr1.F228, Paus.7.3.7, Polya.8.43, Strabo.14.1.3]
** Erythrae was called Cnopopolis.
1055 BC | Gras, son of Echelas (or Archelaus), son of Penthilus, captured Lesbos with the support of Lacedaemon. [Paus.3.2.1, Strabo.13.1.3]
1055 BC | Gras, son of Echelas (or Archelaus), took possession of Aeolis, between Ionia and Mysia. [Paus.3.2.1]
** Gras advanced as far as the Granicus River. [Strabo.13.1.3]
** This was a reoccupation, as Penthilus had previously occupied Lesbos. [Paus.3.2.1]
** Gras led a migration from Aeolis to Lesbos. [Athen.11.466c] Thus, the reoccupation of Lesbos occurred after the colonization of Aeolis.
** The colonization of Aeolis began four generations earlier than the colonization of Ionia and lasted longer. [Strabo.13.1.3]
1055 BC | the Samians, who had been expelled from the island, drove the Ephesians from Samos and recaptured the island. [Paus.7.4.3, Plut.QuestGr.55]
1053 BC | Androclus of Ephesus was killed in battle while rescuing Priene from Carian attacks. [Paus.7.2.9, FGrH.Nr70.F126, StephByz.A1.1]
1050 BC | the Ionians, led by Paralus (or Parphorus) of Colophon, founded Clazomenae. [Paus.7.3.8-9, Strabo.14.1.3]
** Since the majority of the Ionians were Achaeans of Cleonae and Phlius, who had been driven out by the Heracleidae, Paralus is likely a descendant of Codrus. [Paus.7.3.9]
1043 BC | Philotas, a descendant of Peneleus, son of Hippalcimus, emigrated from Thebes to Priene in Ionia and rebuilt the city. [Paus.7.2.10, Strabo.14.1.3]
** The founder of Priene was Aepytus, son of Neileus, son of Codrus. [Paus.7.2.10, Strabo.14.1.3]
** Apollodorus of Athens reports that 267 years passed between the Ionian migration and the first Olympiad (776 BC), placing the completion of the Ionian migration in 1043 BC. [Euseb.Chron.179]
1020 BC | Hector [born 1050 BC], fourth descendant of Amphiculus, expelled the Abantes and Carians from Chios and joined the Ionian League. [Paus.7.4.10]
1020 BC | the Samians joined the Ionian League. [Paus.7.4.3]
** This appears to have occurred at least one generation after the recapture of Samos from the Ephesians.
1020 BC | Chalcinus and Daetus, the tenth-generation descendants of Cephalus, son of Deion, emigrated to Athens. [Paus. 7.4.3]
